python 3 的多线程实现

_thread 和 threading两个工具包

threading.Thread()类 和threading.Lock()类

（一）创建线程
两种方法，一种

import threading
import time

exitFlag = 0

class myThread (threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.counter = counter
    def run(self):
        print ("开始线程：" + self.name)
        print_time(self.name, self.counter, 5)
        print ("退出线程：" + self.name)

def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
    while counter:
        if exitFlag:
            threadName.exit()
        time.sleep(delay)
        print ("%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
        counter -= 1

# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)

# 开启新线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
thread1.join()
thread2.join()
print ("退出主线程")

（二）线程同步 Lock类 以及Lock.acquire() 和Lock.release()两种方法

import threading
import time

class myThread (threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.counter = counter
    def run(self):
        print ("开启线程： " + self.name)
        # 获取锁，用于线程同步
        threadLock.acquire()
        print_time(self.name, self.counter, 3)
        # 释放锁，开启下一个线程
        threadLock.release()

def print_time(threadName, delay, counter):
    while counter:
        time.sleep(delay)
        print ("%s: %s" % (threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
        counter -= 1

threadLock = threading.Lock()
threads = []

# 创建新线程
thread1 = myThread(1, "Thread-1", 1)
thread2 = myThread(2, "Thread-2", 2)

# 开启新线程
thread1.start()
thread2.start()

# 添加线程到线程列表
threads.append(thread1)
threads.append(thread2)

# 等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
    t.join()
print ("退出主线程")

（三）Queue线程队列

Queue 模块中的常用方法:
Queue.qsize() 返回队列的大小
Queue.empty() 如果队列为空，返回True,反之False
Queue.full() 如果队列满了，返回True,反之False
Queue.full 与 maxsize 大小对应
Queue.get([block[, timeout]])获取队列，timeout等待时间
Queue.get_nowait() 相当Queue.get(False)
Queue.put(item) 写入队列，timeout等待时间
Queue.put_nowait(item) 相当Queue.put(item, False)
Queue.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后，Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号
Queue.join() 实际上意味着等到队列为空，再执行别的操作

import queue
import threading
import time

exitFlag = 0

class myThread (threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, q):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID = threadID
        self.name = name
        self.q = q
    def run(self):
        print ("开启线程：" + self.name)
        process_data(self.name, self.q)
        print ("退出线程：" + self.name)

def process_data(threadName, q):
    while not exitFlag:
        queueLock.acquire()
        if not workQueue.empty():
            data = q.get()
            queueLock.release()
            print ("%s processing %s" % (threadName, data))
        else:
            queueLock.release()
        time.sleep(1)

threadList = ["Thread-1", "Thread-2", "Thread-3"]
nameList = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"]
queueLock = threading.Lock()
workQueue = queue.Queue(10)
threads = []
threadID = 1

# 创建新线程
for tName in threadList:
    thread = myThread(threadID, tName, workQueue)
    thread.start()
    threads.append(thread)
    threadID += 1

# 填充队列
queueLock.acquire()
for word in nameList:
    workQueue.put(word)
queueLock.release()

# 等待队列清空
while not workQueue.empty():
    pass

# 通知线程是时候退出
exitFlag = 1

# 等待所有线程完成
for t in threads:
    t.join()
print ("退出主线程")