查理·芒格

查理·芒格（Charlie Munger）是一位杰出的美国投资家、企业家和思想家，以其长期合作伴随沃伦·巴菲特（Warren Buffett）管理伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司（Berkshire Hathaway）而闻名。

芒格以其深思熟虑的投资哲学而闻名，该哲学强调了长期投资、理性分析和风险管理。他提倡的"反过来思考"（inversion）方法强调了在决策过程中从不同角度看问题。

（1）Spend each day trying to be a little wiser than you were when you woke up.

每天都要努力比早上醒来时更明智一点。

（2）The big money is not in the buying and selling... but in the waiting.

大钱不在于买卖...而在于等待。

（3）In my whole life, I have known no wise people (over a broad subject matter area) who didn't read all the time – none, zero.

在我一生中，我从未遇到过不经常阅读的明智人（涵盖广泛主题领域） - 没有一个，一个都没有。

（4）You don't have to be brilliant, only a little bit wiser than the other guys, on average, for a long, long time.

你不必非常聪明，只需比其他人聪明一点点，平均下来，要坚持很久很久。

（5）Invert, always invert: Turn a situation or problem upside down. Look at it backward. What happens if all our plans go wrong? Where don't we want to go, and how do you get there? Instead of looking for success, make a list of how to fail instead – through sloth, envy, resentment, self-pity, entitlement, all the mental habits of self-defeat.

反过来思考，总是反过来思考：颠倒一种情况或问题，将其颠倒过来看。倒过来看待问题。如果我们所有的计划都失败了会发生什么？我们不想去哪里，以及如何到达那里？不要寻找成功，相反，列出如何失败的清单 - 通过懒惰，嫉妒，怨恨，自怜，权利感，所有自我打败的心理习惯。

（6）The best armor of old age is a well-spent life preceding it.

老年时最好的护甲是在老年之前过好生活。

（7）Simplicity has a way of improving performance through enanling us to better understand what we are doing.

简单性通过让我们更好地理解我们正在做的事情，有助于提高绩效。

（8）We all are learning, modifying, or destroying, every day. Our capacity to do it is one of our greatest gifts.

我们每天都在学习、修改或毁灭。我们能够这样做的能力是我们最伟大的礼物之一。

（9）The more hard lessons you can learn cheaply, the better."

你能够以较低成本学到的艰难教训越多，越好。

（10）It is remarkable how much long-term advantage people like us have gotten by trying to be consistently not stupid, instead of trying to be very intelligent.

令人惊讶的是，我们这样的人通过努力保持一贯不愚蠢，而不是努力变得非常聪明，已经获得了很大的长期优势。

（11）You need a different checklist and different mental models for different companies. I can never make it easy by saying, 'Here are three things.' You have to derive it yourself to ingrain it in your head for the rest of your life.

对于不同的公司，你需要不同的清单和不同的思维模型。我不能通过说，"这里有三件事"来使它变得容易。你必须自己得出结论，将它铭刻在你的头脑中，为了余生。