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Cilium 系列-2-Cilium 快速安装

Cilium 系列-2-Cilium 快速安装

作者: 东风微鸣 | 来源:发表于2023-07-21 17:25 被阅读0次

    系列文章

    前言

    在本章中,我们将直接将 Cilium 安装到 Kubernetes 集群中。

    在实验中,我们用到的组件及版本为:

    • Cilium 1.13.4
    • K3s v1.26.6+k3s1
    • OS
      • Debian 10, Kernel 4.19.232, arm64
      • Ubuntu 23.04, Kernel 6.2, x86

    📝Notes:

    如前文所述,Cilium 对 Linux Kernel 版本要求很高。1.13.4 推荐 Kernel ≥ 5.10(使用最新 LTS 稳定版 Kernel), 最低 Linux Kernel 得是 4.19.57.
    所以我们选择 2 个 OS, 一个只满足最低 Kernel 要求,一个是尽可能新的 Kernel, 看看安装和功能有哪些差别。

    Cilium 安装方式

    Cilium 支持 2 种安装方式:

    1. Cilium CLI
    2. Helm chart

    CLI 工具能让你轻松上手 Cilium,尤其是在刚开始学习时。它直接使用 Kubernetes API 来检查与现有 kubectl 上下文相对应的集群,并为检测到的 Kubernetes 实施选择合适的安装选项

    Helm Chart 方法适用于需要对 Cilium 安装进行精细控制的高级安装和生产环境。它要求你为特定的 Kubernetes 环境手动选择最佳数据路径 (datapath) 和 IPAM 模式。

    系统需求

    要安装 Cilium, 最低系统需求如下:

    Cilium 功能 最小 Kernel 版本
    Bandwidth Manager >= 5.1
    Egress Gateway >= 5.2
    VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) Integration >= 5.2
    WireGuard Transparent Encryption >= 5.6
    Full support for Session Affinity >= 5.7
    BPF-based proxy redirection >= 5.7
    Socket-level LB bypass in pod netns >= 5.7
    L3 devices >= 5.8
    BPF-based host routing >= 5.10
    IPv6 BIG TCP support >= 5.19

    Cilium 安装

    首次安装,我们使用 Cilium CLI 方式安装。OS 为:Debian 10, Kernel 4.19 4.19.232, arm64

    安装 K3s

    我们通过 K3s 安装 Kubernetes 集群。具体命令如下:

    # Server Node
    curl -sfL https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn INSTALL_K3S_EXEC='--write-kubeconfig-mode=644 --flannel-backend=none --disable-network-policy --prefer-bundled-bin' INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=v1.26.6+k3s1 sh -
    

    📝Notes:

    几个主流 Linux 发行版发布的 iptables 版本包含一个错误,该错误会导致重复规则的累积,从而对节点的性能和稳定性产生负面影响。有关如何确定你是否受此问题影响,请参阅 issue #3117
    K3s 具有一个可以正常运行的 iptables (v1.8.8) 版本。你可以通过使用 --prefer-bundled-bin 选项来启动 K3s,或从操作系统中卸载 iptables/nftables 包,从而让 K3s 使用捆绑的 iptables 版本。
    版本--prefer-bundled-bin 标志从 2022-12 版本开始可用(v1.26.0+k3s1、v1.25.5+k3s1、v1.24.9+k3s1、v1.23.15+k3s1)。

    验证:

    $ systemctl status k3s
    ● k3s.service - Lightweight Kubernetes
       Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/k3s.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: active (running)
    
    $ k3s kubectl get node
    NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
    linaro-alip   NotReady    control-plane,master   3d1h   v1.26.6+k3s1
    

    🐾注意,由于没有安装 flannel, 也还没开始安装 Cilium, 所以 node 状态应为:NotReady.

    安装 Cilium CLI

    CILIUM_CLI_VERSION=$(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium-cli/master/stable.txt)
    CLI_ARCH=amd64
    if [ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ]; then CLI_ARCH=arm64; fi
    curl -L --fail --remote-name-all https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/download/${CILIUM_CLI_VERSION}/cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz{,.sha256sum}
    sha256sum --check cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz.sha256sum
    sudo tar xzvfC cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz /usr/local/bin
    rm cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz{,.sha256sum}
    

    验证:

    $ cilium version
    cilium-cli: v0.15.2 compiled with go1.20.4 on linux/arm64
    cilium image (default): v1.13.4
    cilium image (stable): v1.13.4
    cilium image (running): 1.13.4
    

    Cilium Install

    export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
    cilium install
    

    通过该命令,cilium 会自动进行一些环境信息的识别,以及参数的选择和判断:

    🔮 Auto-detected Kubernetes kind: k3s
    ✨ Running "k3s" validation checks
    ✅ Detected k3s version "v1.26.6+k3s1"
    ℹ️ Using Cilium version 1.13.4
    🔮 Auto-detected cluster name: default
    🔮 Auto-detected datapath mode: tunnel
    🔮 Auto-detected kube-proxy has been installed
    ℹ️ helm template --namespace kube-system cilium cilium/cilium --version 1.13.4 --set
    cluster.id=0,cluster.name=default,encryption.nodeEncryption=false,ipam.mode=kubernetes,kubeProxyReplacement=disabled,operator.replicas=1,serviceAccounts.cilium.name=cilium,serviceAccounts.operator.name=cilium-operator,tunnel=vxlan
    ℹ️ Storing helm values file in kube-system/cilium-cli-helm-values Secret
    🔑 Created CA in secret cilium-ca
    🔑 Generating certificates for Hubble...
    🚀 Creating Service accounts...
    🚀 Creating Cluster roles...
    🚀 Creating ConfigMap for Cilium version 1.13.4...
    🚀 Creating Agent DaemonSet...
    🚀 Creating Operator Deployment...
    ⌛ Waiting for Cilium to be installed and ready...
    

    验证:

    $ cilium status --wait
        /¯¯\
     /¯¯\__/¯¯\    Cilium:             OK
     \__/¯¯\__/    Operator:           OK
     /¯¯\__/¯¯\    Envoy DaemonSet:    disabled (using embedded mode)
     \__/¯¯\__/    Hubble Relay:       disabled
        \__/       ClusterMesh:        disabled
    
    DaemonSet              cilium             Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    Deployment             cilium-operator    Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    Containers:            cilium             Running: 1
                           cilium-operator    Running: 1
    Cluster Pods:          7/7 managed by Cilium
    Helm chart version:    1.13.4
    Image versions         cilium             quay.io/cilium/cilium:v1.13.4@sha256:bde8800d61aaad8b8451b10e247ac7bdeb7af187bb698f83d40ad75a38c1ee6b: 1
                           cilium-operator    quay.io/cilium/operator-generic:v1.13.4@sha256:09ab77d324ef4d31f7d341f97ec5a2a4860910076046d57a2d61494d426c6301: 1
    

    运行以下命令验证群集是否具有正确的网络连接:

    $ cilium connectivity test --request-timeout 30s --connect-timeout 10s
    ℹ️  Monitor aggregation detected, will skip some flow validation steps
    ✨ [k8s-cluster] Creating namespace for connectivity check...
    (...)
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    📋 Test Report
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ✅ 69/69 tests successful (0 warnings)
    

    🐾Warning:

    在中国安装时,由于网络环境所限,可能部分测试会失败(如访问 1.1.1.1:443).
    属于正常情况。
    连接性测试需要至少两个 worker node 才能在群集中成功部署。连接性测试 pod 不会在以控制面角色运行的节点上调度。如果您没有为群集配置两个 worker node,连接性测试命令可能会在等待测试环境部署完成时停滞。

    查看 Cilium Install 具体启用了哪些功能:

    $ kubectl -n kube-system exec ds/cilium -- cilium status
    Defaulted container "cilium-agent" out of: cilium-agent, config (init), mount-cgroup (init), apply-sysctl-overwrites (init), mount-bpf-fs (init), clean-cilium-state (init), install-cni-binaries (init)
    KVStore:                 Ok   Disabled
    Kubernetes:              Ok   1.26 (v1.26.6+k3s1) [linux/arm64]
    Kubernetes APIs:         ["cilium/v2::CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy", "cilium/v2::CiliumEndpoint", "cilium/v2::CiliumNetworkPolicy", "cilium/v2::CiliumNode", "core/v1::Namespace", "core/v1::Node", "core/v1::Pods", "core/v1::Service", "discovery/v1::EndpointSlice", "networking.k8s.io/v1::NetworkPolicy"]
    KubeProxyReplacement:    Disabled
    Host firewall:           Disabled
    CNI Chaining:            none
    CNI Config file:         CNI configuration file management disabled
    Cilium:                  Ok   1.13.4 (v1.13.4-4061cdfc)
    NodeMonitor:             Listening for events on 4 CPUs with 64x4096 of shared memory
    Cilium health daemon:    Ok
    IPAM:                    IPv4: 9/254 allocated from 10.0.0.0/24,
    IPv6 BIG TCP:            Disabled
    BandwidthManager:        Disabled
    Host Routing:            Legacy
    Masquerading:            IPtables
    Controller Status:       48/48 healthy
    Proxy Status:            No managed proxy redirect
    Global Identity Range:   min 256, max 65535
    Hubble:                  Ok   Current/Max Flows: 4095/4095 (100.00%), Flows/s: 11.68   Metrics: Disabled
    Encryption:              Disabled
    Cluster health:          1/1 reachable   (2023-07-19T12:25:40Z)
    

    这里有几个点注意一下:

    1. datapath mode: tunnel: 因为兼容性原因,Cilium 会默认启用 tunnel(基于 vxlan) 的 datapatch 模式,也就是 overlay 网络结构。
    2. KubeProxyReplacement: Disabled Cilium 是没有完全替换掉 kube-proxy 的,后面我们会出文章介绍如何实现替换。
    3. IPv6 BIG TCP: Disabled 该功能要求 Linux Kernel >= 5.19, 所以在 Kernel 4.19.232 状态为禁用。
    4. BandwidthManager: Disabled 该功能要求 Linux Kernel >= 5.1, 所以目前是禁用的
    5. Host Routing: Legacy Legacy Host Routing 还是会用到 iptables, 性能较弱;但是 BPF-based host routing 需要 Linux Kernel >= 5.10
    6. Masquerading: IPtables IP 伪装有几种方式:基于 eBPF 的,和基于 iptables 的。默认使用基于 iptables, 推荐使用 基于 eBPF 的。
    7. Hubble Relay: disabled 默认 Hubble 也是禁用的。

    Cilium 的最重要的特点就是其性能,所以只要是可以增强性能的,后续会一一介绍如何启用。

    安装 Cilium Hubble

    $ cilium hubble enable --ui
    ✨ Patching ConfigMap cilium-config to enable Hubble...
    🚀 Creating ConfigMap for Cilium version 1.13.4...
    ♻️ Restarted Cilium pods
    ⌛ Waiting for Cilium to become ready before deploying other Hubble component(s)...
    🚀 Creating Peer Service...
    ✨ Generating certificates...
    🔑 Generating certificates for Relay...
    ✨ Deploying Relay...
    ✨ Deploying Hubble UI and Hubble UI Backend...
    ⌛ Waiting for Hubble to be installed...
    ℹ️ Storing helm values file in kube-system/cilium-cli-helm-values Secret
    ✅ Hubble was successfully enabled!
    

    验证:

    $ cilium status
        /¯¯\
     /¯¯\__/¯¯\    Cilium:             OK
     \__/¯¯\__/    Operator:           OK
     /¯¯\__/¯¯\    Envoy DaemonSet:    disabled (using embedded mode)
     \__/¯¯\__/    Hubble Relay:       OK
        \__/       ClusterMesh:        disabled
    
    Deployment             hubble-ui          Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    DaemonSet              cilium             Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    Deployment             cilium-operator    Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    Deployment             hubble-relay       Desired: 1, Ready: 1/1, Available: 1/1
    Containers:            hubble-ui          Running: 1
                           cilium             Running: 1
                           cilium-operator    Running: 1
                           hubble-relay       Running: 1
    Cluster Pods:          9/9 managed by Cilium
    Helm chart version:    1.13.4
    Image versions         cilium             quay.io/cilium/cilium:v1.13.4@sha256:bde8800d61aaad8b8451b10e247ac7bdeb7af187bb698f83d40ad75a38c1ee6b: 1
                           cilium-operator    quay.io/cilium/operator-generic:v1.13.4@sha256:09ab77d324ef4d31f7d341f97ec5a2a4860910076046d57a2d61494d426c6301: 1
                           hubble-relay       quay.io/cilium/hubble-relay:v1.13.4@sha256:bac057a5130cf75adf5bc363292b1f2642c0c460ac9ff018fcae3daf64873871: 1
                           hubble-ui          quay.io/cilium/hubble-ui:v0.11.0@sha256:bcb369c47cada2d4257d63d3749f7f87c91dde32e010b223597306de95d1ecc8: 1
                           hubble-ui          quay.io/cilium/hubble-ui-backend:v0.11.0@sha256:14c04d11f78da5c363f88592abae8d2ecee3cbe009f443ef11df6ac5f692d839: 1
    

    使用 Kubectl 检查集群状态

    $ kubectl get nodes
    NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
    linaro-alip   Ready    control-plane,master   3d1h   v1.26.6+k3s1
    
    $ kubectl get daemonsets --all-namespaces
    NAMESPACE     NAME                     DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR            AGE
    kube-system   cilium                   1         1         1       1            1           kubernetes.io/os=linux   28h
    kube-system   svclb-traefik-29b9c193   1         1         1       1            1           <none>                   2d23h
    
    $ kubectl get deployments --all-namespaces
    NAMESPACE     NAME                     READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
    kube-system   local-path-provisioner   1/1     1            1           3d1h
    default       my-nginx                 2/2     2            2           32h
    kube-system   coredns                  1/1     1            1           3d1h
    kube-system   traefik                  1/1     1            1           2d23h
    kube-system   metrics-server           1/1     1            1           3d1h
    kube-system   cilium-operator          1/1     1            1           28h
    kube-system   hubble-relay             1/1     1            1           5m39s
    kube-system   hubble-ui                1/1     1            1           5m38s
    

    你应该会发现 cilium daemonset 正在集群的所有节点上运行,而 cilium-operator 部署正在单个节点上运行。

    恭喜你!🎉🎉🎉你现在已经安装了 Cilium,为 Kubernetes 集群提供连接。

    总结

    本文我们主要介绍了 Cilium 的快速安装过程。

    要安装 Cilium, 需要满足一些基本需求,其中 Cilium 对 Linux Kernel 版本的要求较高。

    通过 cilium install, 在 Debian 10, Kernel 4.19.232, arm64 机器上,安装了 K3s v1.26.6+k3s1 和 Cilium 1.13.4, 启用了 Hubble, 并进行了验证。🎉🎉🎉

    📚️参考文档

    三人行, 必有我师; 知识共享, 天下为公. 本文由东风微鸣技术博客 EWhisper.cn 编写.

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