美文网首页程序员
浅谈Android中的MVP架构

浅谈Android中的MVP架构

作者: 丶legend | 来源:发表于2018-02-01 10:36 被阅读0次

    一、前言

    Android中的Mvp模式也不是什么新概念了,网上也有许关于Mvp的案例,但是感觉很多写得还是不够清晰,并且大多实际的项目涉及到数据绑定以及响应式编程的东西,给许多刚想了解Mvp架构的朋友带来了不必要的理解难度。Android也是丢了很长一段时间,平日里逛这些社区时,这些关于架构的概念还是接触了不少,但是“纸上识来终觉浅,要知此事需躬行”,所以这里我写篇博客总结一下。

    二、介绍

    MVP作为现在android最主流的架构,还是在很多方面有着优势的。在传统的模式中,本该为视图层的却是非常臃肿的,在activity或者fragment中,既做了数据的绑定,又进行了网络的请求和Ui的更新。而在MVP模式中就对这一点做了很好的解耦,这里也还是拿一张图来看看


    图片描述图片描述

    很显然MVP,也就是分为三层,其中View层只负责视图的显示以及更新,Model只负责数据的获取(如网络请求等),而Presenter层则是负责View和Model通信的桥梁,接收model请求的结果后返回给View,或者接收View层的信息后到Model层进行请求,以及其它的一些逻辑,这样一来Presenter层就是纯java代码。

    优点

    这样一来,就很好的体现了单一职责的原则,并且严格分为三层,即使后期业务变多,结构仍然清晰,非常利于项目后期的维护,当有新的需求时,只需将相关的需求写在接口,然后实现这个接口,无需顾及之前的结构,免去几方面去调整的头痛。另外,还能更好的对接口代码进行单元测试。

    缺点以及解决的一些办法

    使用Mvp模式去构建项目,会造成类文件和接口文件的过多,进而增大包的体积。这里的话,可以采用官方的做法,写一个Contract接口,然后把与Mvp三层的相关接口全部列入到里面去,类似下面这种。

    public interface Contract {
         public interface IModel {
                 xxx; 
                 xxx;
         }
         public interface IPresenter {
                 xxx; 
                 xxx;
         }
            
         public interface IView {
                 xxx; 
                 xxx;
         }
    }
    

    除此之外,就是内存泄漏的问题。用户关闭了View层,但这时Model层如果仍然在进行耗时操作,因为Presenter层也持有View层的引用,所以造成垃圾回收器无法对View层进行回收,这样一来,就造成了内存泄漏。这里可以重写onDestroy()方法,在View销毁时强制回收掉Presenter;还有一个解决办法就是采用弱引用的方式,如下

    WeakReference<xxx> refrence = new WeakRefrence<>(this); 
    // 使用时直接 就能获得对象的引用
    reference.get();
    

    然后在引用进行引用之前,都需要判断引用不为空,以防止空指针异常。

    三、实际案例

    这里使用XRecyclerView进行上拉加载和下拉刷新,使用AsyncTask进行异步请求。这里就还是分开了来写
    首先是Model接口

    public interface ICommonModel {
    
        /**
         * 传入List和当前页数
         * @param
         * @param pageIndex
         */
        void getData(int pageIndex,RequestResult result);
    
        /**
         *  记录数量
         * @return
         */
        int count();
    
        /**
         *  请求接口的回调
         * @param <T>
         */
        public interface RequestResult<T> {
            void onStart();
            void onSuccess(List<T> beanList);
            void onFailure();
            void onEnd();
        }
    }
    

    model的实现

    public class HomeCircleModelImpl implements ICommonModel {
    
        private static int count = 0;
        private JSONArray results;
        private ICommonModel.RequestResult<HomeCircleBean> result;
        private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;
    
        @Override
        public void getData(int pageIndex, RequestResult result) {
            this.result = result;
            new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+pageIndex);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int count() {
            return count;
        }
    
        /**
         *  异步加载Json数据
         */
        class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {
    
            @Override
            protected void onPreExecute() {
                super.onPreExecute();
                result.onStart();
            }
    
            @Override
            protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
                IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
                IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
                IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
                String data = response.getData().toString();
                try {
                    JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
                    count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
                    results = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Gson gson = new Gson();
                circleBeanList =
                        gson.fromJson(results.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
                        }.getType());
    
                return circleBeanList;
            }
    
            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
                super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);
                if (homeCircleBeans != null) {
                    result.onSuccess(homeCircleBeans);
                } else {
                    result.onFailure();
                }
                result.onEnd();
            }
        }
    }
    

    然后是Presenter接口

    public interface IHomeCirclePresenter {
        /**
         *  刷新
         */
        void onRefresh();
    
        /**
         *  加载更多
         */
        void onLoadMore();
    
    }
    

    Presenter实现类

    public class HomeCirclePresenter implements ICommonPresenter {
    
        public static CircleListAdapter adapter;
        private ICommonModel circleModel;
        private ICommonView circleView;
        private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
        private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanLists;
    
        public HomeCirclePresenter(ICommonModel circleModel, ICommonView circleView) {
            this.circleModel = circleModel;
            this.circleView = circleView;
            this.circleBeanLists = new ArrayList<>();
            adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleBeanLists);
        }
        @Override
        public void onRefresh() {
            circleBeanLists.clear();
            mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
            circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {
    
                @Override
                public void onStart() {
                    circleView.showLoading();
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
                    circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onFailure() {
    
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onEnd() {
                    adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    circleView.hideLoading();
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onLoadMore() {
            mCurrentPageIndex++;
            circleModel.getData(mCurrentPageIndex, new ICommonModel.RequestResult() {
    
                @Override
                public void onStart() {
                    circleView.showLoading();
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(List beanList) {
                    if (adapter.getItemCount() >= circleModel.count()) {
                        circleView.noMoreData();
                    } else {
                        circleBeanLists.addAll(beanList);
                    }
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onFailure() {
    
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onEnd() {
                    adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                    circleView.hideLoading();
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

    最后是View接口

    public interface ICommonView {
    
        /**
         *  显示进度
         */
        void showLoading();
    
        /**
         *  隐藏进度
         */
        void hideLoading();
    
        /**
         *  数据加载完成
         */
        void noMoreData();
    }
    

    实现类

    public class HomeCircleView extends BaseFragment implements ICommonView {
    
        private Dialog dialog;
        private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
        private View mView;
        private ICommonPresenter presenter;
        private ICommonModel model;
    
        @Override
        public int setResourceLayoutId() {
            return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int setRecyclerViewId() {
            return R.id.mRecyclerView;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void initView() {
            mView = getmView();
            model = new HomeCircleModelImpl();
            WeakReference<HomeCircleView> reference = new WeakReference<>(this);
            presenter = new HomeCirclePresenter(model,reference.get());
    
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void initListener() {
            mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
            mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
            mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
            mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
                @Override
                public void onRefresh() {
                    refreshData();
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onLoadMore() {
                    loadMoreData();
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void refreshData() {
    
            new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    presenter.onRefresh();
                    mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
                }
            },500);
        }
    
        private void loadMoreData() {
            new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    presenter.onLoadMore();
                    mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
                }
            },500);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void showLoading() {
            dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),"正在努力...加载中~");
            dialog.show();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void hideLoading() {
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void noMoreData() {
            mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
        }
    }
    

    然后看看传统模式

    public class HomeCircleFragment extends BaseFragment {
    
        public static final String SEARCH_CIRCLE_RESULTS = "search_circle_result";
    
        private View mView;
        private XRecyclerView mRecyclerView;
        private CircleListAdapter adapter;
        private List<HomeCircleBean> circleList = new ArrayList<>();
        private HomeCircleBean circleBean;
        private int mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
        private HomeCircleAsyncTask asyncTask;
        private JSONArray result;
        private List<HomeCircleBean> circleBeanList;
        private int count;
        private Dialog dialog;
    
        @Override
        public int setResourceLayoutId() {
            return R.layout.all_circle_layout;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int setRecyclerViewId() {
            return R.id.mRecyclerView;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void initView() {
            mView = getmView();
            dialog = ToastUtils.createLoadingDialog(mView.getContext(),getString(R.string.common_loading));
            adapter = new CircleListAdapter(circleList);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void initListener() {
            mRecyclerView = getmRecyclerView();
            mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new XRecyclerViewDivider(mView.getContext(), LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));
            mRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
            mRecyclerView.setLoadingListener(new XRecyclerView.LoadingListener() {
                @Override
                 public void onRefresh() {
                    refreshData();
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onLoadMore() {
                    loadmoreData();
                }
            });
        }
    
        /**
         *  刷新数据
         */
        @Override
        public void refreshData() {
            circleList.clear();
            mCurrentPageIndex = 1;
            new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
                    mRecyclerView.refreshComplete();
                }
            },500);
    
        }
        private void loadmoreData() {
            mCurrentPageIndex++;
            new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (adapter.getItemCount() >= count) {
                        mRecyclerView.setNoMore(true);
                    } else {
                        new HomeCircleAsyncTask().execute(ApiUtils.CIRCLES+"?page="+mCurrentPageIndex);
                        mRecyclerView.loadMoreComplete();
                    }
                }
            },500);
        }
            /**
             *  异步加载Json数据
             */
        class HomeCircleAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<HomeCircleBean>> {
            @Override
            protected void onPreExecute() {
                super.onPreExecute();
                dialog.show();
            }
    
            @Override
            protected List<HomeCircleBean> doInBackground(String... strings) {
                IRequest request = new BaseRequest(strings[0]);
                IHttpClient mHttpClient = new OkHttpClientImpl();
                IResponse response = mHttpClient.get(request);
                String data = response.getData().toString();
                try {
                    JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(data);
                    count = jsonObject.getInt("count");
                    result = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Gson gson = new Gson();
                circleBeanList =
                        gson.fromJson(result.toString(), new TypeToken<List<HomeCircleBean>>() {
                        }.getType());
    
                return circleBeanList;
            }
    
            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(List<HomeCircleBean> homeCircleBeans) {
                super.onPostExecute(homeCircleBeans);
    
                for (HomeCircleBean circle : homeCircleBeans) {
                    circleBean =
                            new HomeCircleBean(circle.getId(), circle.getImage(), circle.getName(), circle.getDesc(),
                                    circle.getUser(), circle.getAddress(), circle.getAdd_time());
                    circleList.add(circleBean);
                }
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        }
    }
    

    可以比较一下这二者的区别,虽然现在看来传统模式下代码更加少,但是整体比较乱,视图,数据,请求之间的耦合度高。
    因为这些代码是直接从项目抽出来的,还封装了一些东西,这里就不列出来了,后面会附上github地址,关键是具体实现需求时,对整体架构思路的清晰。

    四、总结

    因为有一段时间没搞android了,在实现了需求后,本想不去管了然后去学习新的东西,但是也意识到了学再多新的东西,用不到的情况下照样会忘记,来来去去实力并没有得到提升,学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆,多增加在原有基础上的优化,以增强自己的内功,所以决定把传统模式的项目用MVP重构,这里我保留了传统模式和MVP模式下的代码,以方便两者的比较学习。
    总的来说,MVP使项目整体结构更加清晰,高内聚、低耦合。
    那这篇博客就先到这里了。

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:浅谈Android中的MVP架构

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/rxtdzxtx.html