展示下错误写法，useEffect中直接传入一个异步函数，会导致警告Warning: useEffect function must return a cleanup function or nothing. Promises and useEffect(async () => ...) are not supported, but you can call an async function inside an effect.
// 错误写法
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
function App() {
const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
useEffect(async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
}, []);
return (
<ul>
{data.hits.map(item => (
<li key={item.objectID}>
<a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
export default App;
正常异步函数获取数据
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
function App() {
const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
const result = await axios(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
setData(result.data);
};
fetchData();
}, []);
return (
<ul>
{data.hits.map(item => (
<li key={item.objectID}>
<a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
export default App;
如何手动触发异步函数
- 根据输入框的改变来修改查询的关键字，但是将这个作为依赖对象会导致不停的触发，因此通过点击按钮来修改关键字，并作为依赖的对象
- 添加加载状态
- 错误捕获
import React, { Fragment, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
function App() {
const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
const [url, setUrl] = useState(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
);
const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
const [isError, setIsError] = useState(false);
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
setIsError(false);
setIsLoading(true);
try {
const result = await axios(url);
setData(result.data);
} catch (error) {
setIsError(true);
}
setIsLoading(false);
};
fetchData();
}, [url]);
return (
<Fragment>
<input
type="text"
value={query}
onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
/>
<button
type="button"
onClick={() =>
setUrl(`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`)
}
>
Search
</button>
{isError && <div>Something went wrong ...</div>}
{isLoading ? (
<div>Loading ...</div>
) : (
<ul>
{data.hits.map(item => (
<li key={item.objectID}>
<a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
)}
</Fragment>
);
}
export default App;
自定义hooks获取数据
const useDataApi = (initialUrl, initialData) => {
const [data, setData] = useState(initialData);
const [url, setUrl] = useState(initialUrl);
const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
const [isError, setIsError] = useState(false);
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
setIsError(false);
setIsLoading(true);
try {
const result = await axios(url);
setData(result.data);
} catch (error) {
setIsError(true);
}
setIsLoading(false);
};
fetchData();
}, [url]);
return [{ data, isLoading, isError }, setUrl];
};
引用自定义hooks
function App() {
const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
// 设置初始值initialUrl, initialData
const [{ data, isLoading, isError }, doFetch] = useDataApi(
'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
{ hits: [] },
);
return (
<Fragment>
<form
onSubmit={event => {
doFetch(
`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`,
);
event.preventDefault();
}}
>
<input
type="text"
value={query}
onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
/>
<button type="submit">Search</button>
</form>
{isError && <div>Something went wrong ...</div>}
{isLoading ? (
<div>Loading ...</div>
) : (
<ul>
{data.hits.map(item => (
<li key={item.objectID}>
<a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
)}
</Fragment>
);
}
export default App;
通过useReducer管理数据
-
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(dataFetchReducer, initialData);
dispatch触发action的状态，state是返回的最新的数据，dataFetchReducer是一个纯函数，根据action的状态获取返回最新的值，initialData是初始数据 - 相当于把isLoading、isError、data作为一个数据整体管理起来并返回给组件直接用
// 简化版的获取数据的自定义hooks
const useDataApi = (initialUrl, initialData) => {
const [url, setUrl] = useState(initialUrl);
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(dataFetchReducer, {
isLoading: false,
isError: false,
data: initialData,
});
useEffect(() => {
const fetchData = async () => {
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_INIT' });
try {
const result = await axios(url);
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_SUCCESS', payload: result.data });
} catch (error) {
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_FAILURE' });
}
};
fetchData();
}, [url]);
...
};
dataFetchReducer
const dataFetchReducer = (state, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case 'FETCH_INIT':
return {
...state,
isLoading: true,
isError: false
};
case 'FETCH_SUCCESS':
return {
...state,
isLoading: false,
isError: false,
data: action.payload,
};
case 'FETCH_FAILURE':
return {
...state,
isLoading: false,
isError: true,
};
default:
throw new Error();
}
};
组件卸载时优化，相当于componentWillUnmount
const useDataApi = (initialUrl, initialData) => {
const [url, setUrl] = useState(initialUrl);
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(dataFetchReducer, {
isLoading: false,
isError: false,
data: initialData,
});
useEffect(() => {
let didCancel = false;
const fetchData = async () => {
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_INIT' });
try {
const result = await axios(url);
if (!didCancel) {
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_SUCCESS', payload: result.data });
}
} catch (error) {
if (!didCancel) {
dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_FAILURE' });
}
}
};
fetchData();
return () => {
didCancel = true;
};
}, [url]);
return [state, setUrl];
};
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