框架图

1870309220-5aceb7d78c4f6_articlex.png

1. 安装

pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

2.创建

创建项目：scrapy startproject xxx
进入项目：cd xxx #进入spiders文件夹下
创建爬虫：scrapy genspider xxx（爬虫名） xxx.com （爬取域）
生成文件：scrapy crawl xxx -o xxx.json (生成某种类型的文件)
运行爬虫：scrapy crawl XXX
列出所有爬虫：scrapy list
获得配置信息：scrapy settings [options]

image.png

scrapy.cfg: 项目的配置文件
memo/: 该项目的python模块。在此放入代码（核心）
memo/items.py: 项目中的item文件.（这是创建容器的地方，爬取的信息分别放到不同容器里）
memo/pipelines.py: 项目中的pipelines文件.
memo/settings.py: 项目的设置文件.（我用到的设置一下基础参数，比如加个文件头，设置一个编码）
memo/spiders/: 放置spider代码的目录. （放爬虫的地方）
在setting文件中需要把item开启

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'earthspider.pipelines.EarthspiderPipeline': 300,
}

3.容器

#items.py
import scrapy
class DmozItem(scrapy.Item): #创建一个类，继承scrapy.item类，就是继承人家写好的容器
title = scrapy.Field() # 需要取哪些内容，就创建哪些容器
link = scrapy.Field()
desc = scrapy.Field()

4.爬虫规则

import scrapy
from ..items import MemoItem

class Daily2Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'daily2'
    allowed_domains = ['iciba.com']
    # start_urls = ['http://iciba.com/']
    start_urls = [
        'http://sentence.iciba.com/index.php?callback=jQuery190008406839854439085_1611202697057&c=dailysentence&m=getdetail&title=2021-01-21&_=1611202697065']

    def parse(self, response):
        # print(response.text)
        text=str(response.text).encode('utf-8').decode('unicode-escape')
        print(text)
        item = MemoItem()
        item["time"] = text.split('"title":"')[1].split('"')[0]
        item["English"] = text.split('"content":"')[1].split('  "')[0]
        item["Chinese"] = text.split('"note":"')[1].split('"')[0]
        yield item

5.运行结果
scrapy crawl daily

{'Chinese': '机遇不会自己找上门来，它只会在你开门时出现。',
 'English': 'Opportunity does not knock, it presents itself when you beat down '
            'the door.',
 'time': '2021-01-21'}
2021-01-22 11:21:05 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2021-01-22 11:21:05 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 741,
 'downloader/request_count': 2,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 1458,
 'downloader/response_count': 2,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'downloader/response_status_count/404': 1,
 'elapsed_time_seconds': 0.334966,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 22, 3, 21, 5, 462881),
 'item_scraped_count': 1,
 'log_count/DEBUG': 3,
 'log_count/INFO': 10,
 'memusage/max': 55255040,
 'memusage/startup': 55255040,
 'response_received_count': 2,
 'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_status_count/404': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 22, 3, 21, 5, 127915)}
2021-01-22 11:21:05 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

6.保存结果
pipelines.py

import json


class MemoPipeline(object):
    """
    保存item的数据
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.filename = open('daily.json', 'w')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        text = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + ",\n"
        self.filename.write(text.encode('utf-8'))
        return item

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.filename.close()

setting.py

#数据库配置
mysql_host = '127.0.0.1'
mysql_user = 'root'
mysql_passwd = 'xxxx'
mysql_db = 'memo'
mysql_port = 3306
table_name = 'daily'