第一段第一句话

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn‘t biting her nails just yet.

知识点一： When it comes to + 名词（组），主谓...

reading

(1)用法：引出全文主旨
(2)译为：当提及...时，当谈及到...

写作文的时候：

when it comes to _____,opinions vary.
当提及到...，人们众说纷纭。
Some tend to claim that___.
一些人认为...
Others,however,may argue that___.
另一些人认为...
I am strongly convinced that___.
我认为...

重要补充:

(1) be convinced that___(被动语态)
    ...相信...，...认为...
    例1：
        我相信...
        I am convinced that___
    例2：
        他们相信...
        They are convinced that___
    例3：
        科学家一直相信...
        The scientists have been convinced that___

(2) hold/claim/argue/contend: v, ...认为,...主张
     
    写作例句：
    一些人认为...，而一些人认为...
    While many seem to hold that___,others might contend that___.

    while 句子 , 句子 (猛句子)

(3) seem to/tend to/may/might/can/could
    专用于主谓之间，制造抽象的感觉

    主谓之间可以插入4种，而且只有4种
    a) 从句
    b) -ed.../-ing.../to.../adj.../prep...短语
    c) tend to/seem to/may/might
    d) 双逗号结构，双破折号结构

(4) 口语表达 --> 书面表达
    some people --> some
    many people --> many
    few people --> few
    those people --> those
    
    句型：many are perplexed that___.

    be perplexed/be puzzled/be confused 感到困惑
    
    例句：科学家一直感到困惑...
    The scientists have been perplexed/puzzled/confused____.
    
    动词意思，“使...”，用法都是 be + v + ed，意思为“感到...” 比如：
    be surprised/excited/disappointed

知识点二：slowing /falling /fading /declining

补充

只要表示...人，都用those who/whose...
例1：
    日本人 
    those who are from Japan
例2：
    普通大学毕业生 
    those who graduated from average universities

    普通大学：average university
    名校：top university
    一般学生：average student
    尖子生：top student

例3：
    有时做噩梦的人
    those who sometimes have bad dreams
例4:
    姓始于字母表后半部分的一个字母的人
    those whose surname begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet

团伙

slowsing
falling
fading
declining

(1) slowing economy：减速的经济，放缓的经济

    slowdown n.减速（经济）
    acceleration n.加速（经济）

(2) falling adj.日益下跌的，越来越低的

    falling transportation and communication costs.
    越来越低的交通和通信的支出

    No investing,no harvesting.
    无投资，不收获。

    No effort,no comfort.
    无努力，不舒适。

(3) fading adj.逐渐消失的
    fade v.逐渐消失

    fading distinction between capitalisim and socialism.
    资本主义和社会主义逐渐消失的区别.

    fading competitiveness of U.S. economy.
    美国经济逐渐消失的竞争力.

    growing competitiveness of emerging economies.
    新型国家的经济与日俱增的竞争力.

(4) declining adj.
    decline n/v.衰退，走下坡路
    
    while USA is now on the decline, CN is now on the rice.
    美国正在走下坡路，而中国正在蓬勃发展.

    This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly for a declining one.
    对任何一个行业来说，这是一个危急的关头（可怕的局面），尤其对一个走下坡路的行业。

    auto industry:汽车行业
    banking industry:银行业
    textile industry:纺织业
    energy-intensive industries:能源密集型行业

写作

This is an explosive situation for any country, particularly for a developing one.
对任何一个国家来说，这是危机的局面，尤其是对一个发展中的国家。

重要补充

rising /growing /soaring /increasing

(1) rising living costs: 日益上涨的生活支出
    rising concern: 越来越大的关注

    写作例句：
    幸运的是，今天人们越来越关注这种令人痛心的现象。
    Rising concern,fortunately,has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon.

(2) growing competitiveness of emerging economies.
    新兴国家经济与日俱增的竞争力。
    
    growing threat of global warming.
    全球气候变暖的越来越大的威胁。

(3) soaring adj.激增的
    soar v.激增

    soaring home prices.
    激增的房价

    例子：
    The previous three decades has witnessed soaring home prices.
    在过去的三十年见证了激增的房价。

    attain fashion/ the goal
    达到流行/目标

    soaring health budget
    激增的医疗卫生支出

    WHO = World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
    healthcare/health/care: 医疗卫生

    budget/spending/cost:支出

    In 1950, the U.S. spent $ 12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $ 1,540 billion.
    在1950年，美国在医疗卫生方面的支出是127亿。在2002年，这一支出将会是15400亿。

(4) an increasing number of people 越来越多的人
    = people in mounting numbers

知识点三：bite one's nails

bite one's nails:束手无策，不知所措

写作句型：
    When it comes to 一件坏事，sb isn't biting her/his nails just yet.

成语

scratch one's head:束手无策，不知所措        

have a zzz = noisily doze off:呼噜呼噜地睡着了
doze off:瞌睡，入睡

put pen to paper = write:付诸笔端

put computers in the classroom:多媒体教学

句型

The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is far-reaching. 
作者认为当前的多媒体教学热意义深远。

rush n.狂热，热
gold rush.淘金热
the rush to go abroad. 出国热
the rush to learn english.学英语热
the rush to put computers in the classroom.多媒体教学热

While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. 
在1960年代之前，即使受教育程度中等的人在写作时寻求有高度的语言，而从那以后即使被认为最好的文章也会抓来口语写到文章中。

the educated:受过教育的人
the poorly educated:受教育程度低的人
the modestly educated:受教育程度中等的人
the highly educated:受教育程度高的人

seek --> sought v.寻找，寻求

an elevated tone 高级的，有高度的
elevator n.电梯
mother tone/native tone:母语

regard as:视为，看作
well-regarded:被认为好的

well-regarded music:被认为好的歌曲
well-regarded poems:被认为好的诗词
well-regarded writting:被认为好的文章

知识点四：not...just yet

not...just yet尚未，还没有...

as yet到目前为止

写作例句：

许多人尚未认识到形势的严重性.
Many have not come to realize the severity of this grim trend just yet.

(p35d5)
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

whether...or whether...(主语)
is, as yet, an unanswered question.
是这样还是那样，是一个到目前还没有答案的问题。

(p45l2)
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
到目前为止那些还没有意识到不利处境的人，这是指歧视姓始于字母表后半部分的人。

refer to:指
discrimination against:歧视
disadvantage: n.劣势，不利处境
the disadvantages:弱势群体

those who are as yet unaware of such a disadvantage.
那些还没有意识到不利处境的人。

连接词语

not only...but...
whether...or...
either...or...
neither...nor...    
not so much...as...

短句---长难句

主谓....+（补充）
补充2种方法：
    (1)从句
    (2)-ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...

注：
    句子的最后一个是人，后面加 who is/are + -ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...
    句子的最后一个是物，后面加 which is/are + -ed/-ing/to.../adj.../prep...

    who is/are 或者 which is/are 可以省略。