Logrotate是一个日志文件管理工具。用来把旧文件轮转、压缩、删除,并且创建新的日志文件。我们可以根据日志文件的大小、天数等来转储,便于对日志文件管理,一般都是通过cron计划任务来完成的。
安装
# yum install logrotate cron
文件位置
-
默认状态文件在
/var/lib/logrotate.status
-
默认配置文件是
/etc/logrotate.conf
运行原理
Logrotate是基于CRON来运行的,其脚本在/etc/cron.daily/logrotate
#!/bin/sh/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.confEXITVALUE=$?if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"fiexit 0
实际运行时,Logrotate会调用配置文件/etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details# rotate log files weeklyweekly# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogsrotate 4# create new (empty) log files after rotating old onescreate# use date as a suffix of the rotated filedateext# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed#compress# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directoryinclude /etc/logrotate.d# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here/var/log/wtmp { monthly create 0664 root utmp minsize 1M rotate 1}/var/log/btmp { missingok monthly create 0600 root utmp rotate 1}# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.
这里的设置是global attribute
,而在/etc/logrotate.d
目录里,可以定义每项应用服务的配置文件,并且定义会覆盖当下。
定时执行/etc/cron.daily
目录下的文件的设置,则在/etc/anacrontab
里定义的
# /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron# See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details.SHELL=/bin/shPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binMAILTO=root# the maximal random delay added to the base delay of the jobsRANDOM_DELAY=45# the jobs will be started during the following hours onlySTART_HOURS_RANGE=3-22#period in days delay in minutes job-identifier command1 5 cron.daily nice run-parts /etc/cron.daily7 25 cron.weekly nice run-parts /etc/cron.weekly@monthly 45 cron.monthly nice run-parts /etc/cron.monthly
关于anacrontab
,这里不做介绍。
命令参数
Usage: logrotate [OPTION...] <configfile>
-d, --debug Don't do anything, just test (implies -v)
-f, --force Force file rotation
-m, --mail=command Command to send mail (instead of `/bin/mail')
-s, --state=statefile Path of state file
-v, --verbose Display messages during rotation
--version Display version informationHelp options:
-?, --help Show this help message
--usage Display brief usage message
配置参数
compress
使用gzip来压缩日志文件
nocompress
日志不压缩的参数
compresscmd
指定压缩工具,默认gzip
uncompresscmd
指定解压工具,默认gunzip
delaycompress
推迟要压缩的文件,直到下一轮询周期再执行压缩,可与compress
搭配使用
dateext
轮询的文件名字带有日期信息
dateformat
格式化归档日期后缀,只有%Y
, %m
, %d
和%s
daily
日志按天轮询
weekly
日志按周轮询
monthly
日志按月轮询
yearly
日志按年轮询日志,**不关注**
maxage count
删除count天前的轮询日志文件
rotate count
删除count个外的轮询日志文件
notifempty
文件为空时,不进行轮询
size size
日志文件根据大小规定进行轮询,默认单位是byte,也可指定kb, M, G;So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G are all valid.
minsize size
文件大小超过size后才能进行轮询,此时会略过时间参数
postrotate/endscript
在所有其它指令完成后,postrotate和endscript里面指定的命令将被执行。
sharedscripts
在所有的日志文件都轮询完毕后统一执行一次脚本。当声明日志文件的时候使用通配符时需要用到
olddir
指定轮询后的日志文件存放在directory,必须和当前日志文件在同一个文件系统
create mode owner group
新日志文件的权限,属主属组
配置参数只列出较为常用的
测试
测试以日志大小为规定的轮询,创建个15M大小的日志文件
# head -c 15M /dev/urandom > /var/log/will-log
设置配置文件
# vim /etc/logrotate.d/will-log
/var/log/will-log {
compress
delaycompress
missingok
notifempty
daily
rotate 7
size 10M
olddir /tmp
dateext
create 0644 root root
}
debug验证下
# logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.d/will-log reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/will-logolddir is now /tmpHandling 1 logsrotating pattern: /var/log/will-log 10485760 bytes (7 rotations)olddir is /tmp, empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removedconsidering log /var/log/will-log log needs rotatingrotating log /var/log/will-log, log->rotateCount is 7dateext suffix '-20160401'glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'glob finding logs to compress failedglob finding old rotated logs failedrenaming /var/log/will-log to /tmp/will-log-20160401creating new /var/log/will-log mode = 0644 uid = 0 gid = 0
测试没有问题的话,可以在定时任务执行起,手动执行一次
# logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/will-log
实际情况下,还得通知应用服务重载配置,一般会在最后加上重启命令,以Nginx为例:
postrotate [ -f /var/run/nginx.pid ] && kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid` endscript
USR1亦通常被用来告知应用程序重载配置文件;例如,向Apache HTTP服务器发送一个USR1信号将导致以下步骤的发生:停止接受新的连接,等待当前连接停止,重新载入配置文件,重新打开日志文件,重启服务器,从而实现相对平滑的不关机的更改。内容来自维基SIGUSR1和SIGUSR2
nginx日志切割配置
/usr/local/nginx/logs/*.log {
daily
dateext
rotate 7
copytruncate
nocompress
missingok
notifempty
olddir /var/log/nginx/
sharedscripts
postrotate
sleep 10
endscript
postrotate
if [ -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ]; then
/bin/kill -USR1 /bin/cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
fi
endscript
}
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