Level 6 - Unit 1- Part 3 Reading

A large international study has found that ten risk factors account for 90 percent of all the risk of stroke. Of that list, five risk factors usually related to lifestyle are responsible for a full 80 percent of stroke risk. According to the researchers these risk factors - high blood pressure, smoking, abdominal obesity, diet and physical activity - are modifiable and can be controlled.
一项大型国际研究发现，十个风险因素共占所有中风风险的90%。在这份清单中，通常与生活方式有关的五个风险因素导致了80%的中风风险。研究人员称，这些风险因素——高血压、吸烟、腹部肥胖、饮食和体育活动——是可以改变的，而且是可控的。

The findings come from a study of 3,000 people who had had strokes and an equal number of healthy individuals with no history of stroke. The study also includes a brain scan of all participating stroke survivors, according to the researchers.
研究结果源自一项对3000名中风患者和同等数量没有中风史的健康人群的研究。研究人员称，这项研究还对所有参与的中风幸存者进行了脑部扫描。

Across the board, high blood pressure was the most important factor, accounting for one-third of all stroke risk. Blood pressure, it was noted, plays a major role in both forms of stroke: ischemic, the most common form (caused by blockage of a brain blood vessel), and hemorrhagic or bleeding stroke, in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts.
总的来说，高血压是最重要的因素，占所有中风风险的三分之一。研究指出，血压在两种中风中都起着重要作用：缺血性中风（最常见，由脑血管堵塞引起）和出血性中风（脑血管破裂）。

Blood pressure is easily measured, and there are lots of treatments. Lifestyle modifications to control it include increasing physical activity and reducing salt intake. The other lifestyle risk factors are modifiable as well. High intake of fish and fruits, for example, is associated with a lower risk of stroke.
血压容易测量，治疗手段很多。调整生活方式来控制血压包括增加体育锻炼，减少盐摄入。其他生活方式的风险因素也可以调整，例如，多吃鱼和水果可以降低中风的风险。

Many of the same risk factors have been reported in other studies. But this is the first stroke risk study to include both low- and middle- income participants in developing countries. The study confirms that high blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke in both developing and developed countries. This highlights the need for health authorities in those countries to develop strategies to reduce high blood pressure, salt intake and other risk factors.
很多相同的风险因素在其他研究中也报道过，但这次是首次将发展中国家的低收入和中等收入者纳入中风风险研究。研究证实，在发展中国家和发达国家，高血压都是导致中风的主要原因。这表明，这些国家的卫生部门有必要制定策略以减少高血压、盐摄入和其他风险因素。