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Yii2.0数据库操作增删改查详解

Yii2.0数据库操作增删改查详解

作者: duandaoke | 来源:发表于2018-03-13 09:41 被阅读0次

    http://www.yiichina.com/tutorial/834

    1.简单查询:

    one(): 根据查询结果返回查询的第一条记录。
    
    all(): 根据查询结果返回所有记录。
    
    count(): 返回记录的数量。
    
    sum(): 返回指定列的总数。
    
    average(): 返回指定列的平均值。
    
    min(): 返回指定列的最小值。
    
    max(): 返回指定列的最大值。
    
    scalar(): 返回查询结果的第一行中的第一列的值。
    
    column(): 返回查询结果中的第一列的值。
    
    exists(): 返回一个值,该值指示查询结果是否有数据。
    
    where(): 添加查询条件
    
    with(): 该查询应执行的关系列表。
    
    indexBy(): 根据索引的列的名称查询结果。
    
    asArray(): 以数组的形式返回每条记录。
    

    应用实例:

    Customer::find()->one();    此方法返回一条数据;
    
    Customer::find()->all();    此方法返回所有数据;
    
    Customer::find()->count();    此方法返回记录的数量;
    
    Customer::find()->average();    此方法返回指定列的平均值;
    
    Customer::find()->min();    此方法返回指定列的最小值 ;
    
    Customer::find()->max();    此方法返回指定列的最大值 ;
    
    Customer::find()->scalar();    此方法返回值的第一行第一列的查询结果;
    
    Customer::find()->column();    此方法返回查询结果中的第一列的值;
    
    Customer::find()->exists();    此方法返回一个值指示是否包含查询结果的数据行;
    Customer::find()->asArray()->one();    以数组形式返回一条数据;
    
    Customer::find()->asArray()->all();    以数组形式返回所有数据;
    Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->one();    根据条件以数组形式返回一条数据;
    
    Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->all();    根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据;
    Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->orderBy('id DESC')->all();    根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据,并根据ID倒序;
    

    2.关联查询:

    ActiveRecord::hasOne():返回对应关系的单条记录
    ActiveRecord::hasMany():返回对应关系的多条记录
    

    应用实例:

    //客户表Model:CustomerModel 
    //订单表Model:OrdersModel
    //国家表Model:CountrysModel
    //首先要建立表与表之间的关系 
    //在CustomerModel中添加与订单的关系
          
    Class CustomerModel extends yiidbActiveRecord
    {
        ...
        
        public function getOrders()
        {
            //客户和订单是一对多的关系所以用hasMany
            //此处OrdersModel在CustomerModel顶部别忘了加对应的命名空间
            //id对应的是OrdersModel的id字段,order_id对应CustomerModel的order_id字段
            return $this->hasMany(OrdersModel::className(), ['id'=>'order_id']);
        }
         
        public function getCountry()
        {
            //客户和国家是一对一的关系所以用hasOne
            return $this->hasOne(CountrysModel::className(), ['id'=>'Country_id']);
        }
        ....
    }
          
    // 查询客户与他们的订单和国家
    CustomerModel::find()->with('orders', 'country')->all();
    
    // 查询客户与他们的订单和订单的发货地址
    CustomerModel::find()->with('orders.address')->all();
    
    // 查询客户与他们的国家和状态为1的订单
    CustomerModel::find()->with([
        'orders' => function ($query) {
            $query->andWhere('status = 1');
            },
            'country',
    ])->all();
    注:with中的orders对应getOrders
    

    常见问题:

    1.在查询时加了->select();如下,要加上order_id,即关联的字段(比如:order_id)比如要在select中,否则会报错:undefined index order_id

    // 查询客户与他们的订单和国家
    CustomerModel::find()->select('order_id')->with('orders', 'country')->all();
    findOne()和findAll():
    

    // 查询key值为10的客户

    $customer = Customer::findOne(10);
    $customer = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 10])->one();
    

    // 查询年龄为30,状态值为1的客户

    $customer = Customer::findOne(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1]);
    $customer = Customer::find()->where(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1])->one();
    
    

    // 查询key值为10的所有客户

    $customers = Customer::findAll(10);
    $customers = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 10])->all();
    

    // 查询key值为10,11,12的客户

    $customers = Customer::findAll([10, 11, 12]);
    $customers = Customer::find()->where(['id' => [10, 11, 12]])->all();
    

    // 查询年龄为30,状态值为1的所有客户

    $customers = Customer::findAll(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1]);
    $customers = Customer::find()->where(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1])->all();
    

    where()条件:

    $customers = Customer::find()->where($cond)->all(); 
    

    $cond写法举例:

    // SQL: (type = 1) AND (status = 2).
    $cond = ['type' => 1, 'status' => 2] 
    
    // SQL:(id IN (1, 2, 3)) AND (status = 2)
    $cond = ['id' => [1, 2, 3], 'status' => 2] 
    
    //SQL:status IS NULL
    $cond = ['status' => null]
    
    [[and]]:将不同的条件组合在一起,用法举例:
    
    //SQL:`id=1 AND id=2`
    $cond = ['and', 'id=1', 'id=2']
    
    //SQL:`type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)`
    $cond = ['and', 'type=1', ['or', 'id=1', 'id=2']]
    [[or]]:
    
    //SQL:`(type IN (7, 8, 9) OR (id IN (1, 2, 3)))`
    $cond = ['or', ['type' => [7, 8, 9]], ['id' => [1, 2, 3]]
    [[not]]:
    
    
    //SQL:`NOT (attribute IS NULL)`
    $cond = ['not', ['attribute' => null]]
    [[between]]: not between 用法相同
    
    
    //SQL:`id BETWEEN 1 AND 10`
    $cond = ['between', 'id', 1, 10]
    [[in]]: not in 用法类似
    
    
    //SQL:`id IN (1, 2, 3)`
    $cond = ['in', 'id', [1, 2, 3]]
    
    //IN条件也适用于多字段
    $cond = ['in', ['id', 'name'], [['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo'], ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar']]]
    
    //也适用于内嵌sql语句
    $cond = ['in', 'user_id', (new Query())->select('id')->from('users')->where(['active' => 1])]
    [[like]]:
    
    
    //SQL:`name LIKE '%tester%'`
    $cond = ['like', 'name', 'tester']
    
    //SQL:`name LIKE '%test%' AND name LIKE '%sample%'`
    $cond = ['like', 'name', ['test', 'sample']]
    
    //SQL:`name LIKE '%tester'`
    $cond = ['like', 'name', '%tester', false]
    [[exists]]: not exists用法类似
    
    //SQL:EXISTS (SELECT "id" FROM "users" WHERE "active"=1)
    $cond = ['exists', (new Query())->select('id')->from('users')->where(['active' => 1])]
    此外,您可以指定任意运算符如下
    
    //SQL:`id >= 10`
    $cond = ['>=', 'id', 10]
    
    //SQL:`id != 10`
    $cond = ['!=', 'id', 10]
    常用查询:
    
    // WHERE admin_id >= 10 LIMIT 0,10
     User::find()->select('*')->where(['>=', 'admin_id', 10])->offset(0)->limit(10)->all()
    // SELECT `id`, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `user`) AS `count` FROM `post`   
     $subQuery = (new Query())->select('COUNT(*)')->from('user');    
     $query = (new Query())->select(['id', 'count' => $subQuery])->from('post');
      // SELECT DISTINCT `user_id` ... 
     User::find()->select('user_id')->distinct();
    

    更新:

    //update();
    //runValidation boolen 是否通过validate()校验字段 默认为true 
    //attributeNames array 需要更新的字段 
    $model->update($runValidation , $attributeNames);  
    
    //updateAll();
    //update customer set status = 1 where status = 2
    Customer::updateAll(['status' => 1], 'status = 2'); 
    
    //update customer set status = 1 where status = 2 and uid = 1;
    Customer::updateAll(['status' => 1], ['status'=> '2','uid'=>'1']);
    

    删除:

    
    $model = Customer::findOne($id);
    $model->delete();
    
    $model->deleteAll(['id'=>1]);
    

    批量插入:

    Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->batchInsert(UserModel::tableName(), ['user_id','username'], [
        ['1','test1'],
        ['2','test2'],
        ['3','test3'],   
    ])->execute();
    

    查看执行sql

    //UserModel 
    $query = UserModel::find()->where(['status'=>1]); 
    echo $query->createCommand()->getRawSql();
    

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