概述
介词的用法比较接近单词和短语,需要通过大量阅读,形成感觉来进行判断。
几种介词
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介词短语
有介词和名称短语构成,通常用作修饰语,修饰名词、形容词和动词等,一般出现在修饰对象后,例如:
Cherries are 'in season' now.
Eggs are sold 'by the dozen'.
The box is 'full of chocolates'. -
空间介词
- 空间介词可以从“点”、“线”、“面”、“体”的角度进行分析。
- 点:at,地点、时间点等概念,例如:
Let's meet at the railway station. - 线:on/along,沿线、线路等概念,例如:
We can go over the project on our way to Gaoxiong.
We may go walking through the windy park, or drive along the beach. - 面:on,在物体表面,例如:
Several boats can be seen on the lake. - 体:in,在物体或者事物的空间内部,例如:
It's cool in the railway station, because they have air-condition there.
Mrs Johnson's old cat likes to sit in the sun.
- 时间介词
-
at,时间点,通常是精确的时间,时分秒等,例如:
The earthquake struck at 5:00AM. -
in,在一段长的时间区间内,例如:
Typhoons seldom come in winter. -
on,特定讴歌日期,例如:
There will be a concert on New Year's Day.
介词辨析
- on one's way/in one's way
- 从on/to的角度进行区分,on通常指行程,in有进入别人空间的含义
- arrive in/arrive at
- in强调在空间内部,at强调是一个点
- made of/made from
- of表示由...直接构成,而from有来自于,出自于的含义,表示并不是直接构成
- throw to/throw at
- to表示朝向性,at表示出点的含义,具有瞄准的意味
- from...to/from...through
- to是一种大概的说法,给出比较宽泛的起止时间,而through有穿过的含义,表示从头到尾的意思。
- below/under | above/over
- under和over表示在某个固定点的下方或者上方,有个固定标准,而below和above没有具体比较,只是表达出比其他低或者高出的含义
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