dubbo

作者: 赵恩栋 | 来源:发表于2022-03-27 21:37 被阅读0次

    目标

    1. 掌握dubbo是什么

    2. 掌握dubbo能做什么

    3. 掌握dubbo的架构

    4. 掌握dubbo的特性

    5. 掌握dubbo使用

    一 为什么需要 dubbo

    在互联网的发展过程中,在以前,我们只需要一个服务器,将程序全部打包好就可以,但是,随着流量的增大,常规的垂直应用架构已无法应对,所以,架构就发生了演变。

    1 单一应用架构

    2 应用和数据库单独部署

    3 应用和数据库集群部署

    4 数据库压力变大,读写分离

    5 使用缓存技术加快速度

    6 数据库分库分表

    7 应用分为不同的类型拆分

    发展到这个阶段的时候,我们发现,应用与应用之间的关系已经十分的复杂了,就会出现以下几个问题(以下摘录于官网):

    ① 当服务越来越多时,服务 URL 配置管理变得非常困难,F5 硬件负载均衡器的单点压力也越来越大。 ② 当进一步发展,服务间依赖关系变得错踪复杂,甚至分不清哪个应用要在哪个应用之前启动,架构师都不能完整的描述应用的架构关系。 ③ 接着,服务的调用量越来越大,服务的容量问题就暴露出来,这个服务需要多少机器支撑?什么时候该加机器?

    为了解决这由于架构的演变所产生的问题几个问题,于是,dubbo 产生了

    二 dubbo是什么

    Apache Dubbo 是一款微服务开发框架,它提供了 RPC通信 与 微服务治理 两大关键能力。这意味着,使用 Dubbo 开发的微服务,将具备相互之间的远程发现与通信能力, 同时利用 Dubbo 提供的丰富服务治理能力,可以实现诸如服务发现、负载均衡、流量调度等服务治理诉求。同时 Dubbo 是高度可扩展的,用户几乎可以在任意功能点去定制自己的实现,以改变框架的默认行为来满足自己的业务需求。

    一款高性能的Java RPC框架

    一款简单、易用的Java RPC框架

    一款优秀的RPC服务治理框架

    由阿里贡献的开源RPC框架。

    官网地址:http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/index.html

    http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/user/quick-start.html

    github:https://github.com/apache/incub

    2.1.2 dubbo前生今世

    2011年进行了开源 ----> 2012陆续停止维护 ---> 2017年重Apache基金管理会 -->至今最受欢迎的RPC通信框架

    2.1 了解RPC

    RPC【Remote Procedure Call】是指远程过程调用,是一种进程间通信方式,他是一种技术的思想,而不是规范。它允许程序调用另一个地址空间(通常是共享网络的另一台机器上)的过程或函数,而不用程序员显式编码这个远程调用的细节。即程序员无论是调用本地的还是远程的函数,本质上编写的调用代码基本相同。

    [图片上传失败...(image-9c6e00-1648388140339)]

    2.2 Dubbo 技术架构

    我们已经非常清楚的知道为什么在我们的系统中需要 Dubbo 这项技术了,下面,我们接着唠叨唠叨 Dubbo 的架构。

    首先,上一张图(摘自官网)

    [图片上传失败...(image-1abf86-1648388140339)]

    看到图之后,可能你对上面的几个概念还是一脸懵逼,无从下手,下面,带你看看这几个角色到底是什么意思?

    节点角色说明

    节点 角色说明
    Provider 暴露服务的服务提供方
    Consumer 调用远程服务的服务消费方
    Registry 服务注册与发现的注册中心
    Monitor 统计服务的调用次数和调用时间的监控中心
    Container 服务运行容器

    看了这几个概念后似乎发现,其实 Dubbo 的架构也是很简单的(其实现细节是复杂的),为什么这么说呢,有没有发现,其实很像生产者-消费者模型。只是在这种模型上,加上了注册中心和监控中心,用于管理提供方提供的url,以及管理整个过程。

    那么,整个发布-订阅的过程就非常的简单了。

    • 启动容器,加载,运行服务提供者

    • 服务提供者在启动时,在注册中心发布注册自己提供的服务

    • 服务消费者在启动时,在注册中心订阅自己所需的服务

    如果考虑失败或变更的情况,就需要考虑下面的过程。

    • 注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者,如果有变更,注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。

    • 服务消费者,从提供者地址列表中,基于软负载均衡算法,选一台提供者进行调用,如果调用失败,再选另一台调用。

    • 服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。

    三 Dubbo 开始入门

    3.1 服务端

    首先,我们先把服务端的接口写好,因为其实 dubbo 的作用简单来说就是给消费端提供接口。

    接口定义

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n87" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface UserService {

    /**
    *功能描述: 通过id获取user信息

    • @param id id
    • @return User
    • @author mfei
      */
      User getUserById(Integer id);

    }</pre>

    接着,定义它的实现类。

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n89" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.shida.service.impl;

    import com.shida.entity.User;
    import com.shida.service.UserService;

    /**

    • Description:
    • @author mfei
      **/
      public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
      @Override
      public User getUserById(Integer id) {
      User user = new User();
      user.setId(1);
      user.setAge(25);
      user.setUserName("张三");
      return user;
      }
      }</pre>

    这样我们就把我们的接口写好了,那么我们应该怎么将我们的服务暴露出去呢?

    导入 maven 依赖

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n92" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
    <artifactId>dobbo-test</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>userservice-provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>



    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.70.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <configuration>
    <source>1.8</source>
    <target>1.8</target>
    </configuration>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    </project></pre>

    这里使用的 dubbo 的版本是 2.6.7 ,需要注意的是,如果你只导入 dubbo 的包的时候是会报错的,找不到 netty (可能还有curator) 的依赖,所以,在这里我们需要把这依赖加上,就不会报错了。

    可能会找不到

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n95" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
    <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
    <artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
    </dependency></pre>

    到目前为止,dubbo 需要的环境就已经可以了,下面,我们就把上面刚刚定义的接口暴露出去。

    暴露接口(xml 配置方法)

    首先,我们在我们项目的 resource 目录下创建 dubbo-userservice-provider.xml 文件,名字可以任取

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n99" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">


    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app">



    </dubbo:application>


    <dubbo:registry address="N/A"/>

    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />


    <dubbo:service interface="com.shida.service.UserService" ref="userService" />


    <bean id="userService" class="com.shida.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" />

    </beans></pre>

    ① 上面的文件其实就是类似 spring 的配置文件,而且,dubbo 底层就是 spring。 ② 节点:dubbo:application 就是整个项目在分布式架构中的唯一名称,可以在 name 属性中配置,另外还可以配置 owner 字段,表示属于谁。 下面的参数是可以不配置的,这里配置是因为出现了端口的冲突,所以配置。 ③ 节点:dubbo:monitor 监控中心配置, 用于配置连接监控中心相关信息,可以不配置,不是必须的参数。 ④ 节点:dubbo:registry 配置注册中心的信息,比如,这里我们可以配置 zookeeper 作为我们的注册中心。address 是注册中心的地址,这里我们配置的是 N/A 表示由 dubbo 自动分配地址。或者说是一种直连的方式,不通过注册中心。 ⑤ 节点:dubbo:protocol 服务发布的时候 dubbo 依赖什么协议,可以配置 dubbo、webserovice、Thrift、Hessain、http等协议。 ⑥ 节点:dubbo:service 这个节点就是我们的重点了,当我们服务发布的时候,我们就是通过这个配置将我们的服务发布出去的。interface 是接口的包路径,ref 是第 ⑦ 点配置的接口的 bean。 ⑦ 最后,我们需要像配置 spring 的接口一样,配置接口的 bean。

    到这一步,关于服务端的配置就完成了,下面我们通过 main 方法将接口发布出去。

    发布接口

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n103" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.shida;

    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

    import java.io.IOException;

    /**

    • Description:
    • @author mfei
      **/
      public class App {

    public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException {
    //加载xml配置文件启动
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("dubbo-userservice-provider.xml");
    context.start();
    System.in.read(); // 按任意键退出
    }
    }</pre>

    发布接口非常简单,因为 dubbo 底层就是依赖 spring 的,所以,我们只需要通过 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 拿到我们刚刚配置好的 xml ,然后调用 context.start() 方法就启动了。

    看到下面的截图,就算是启动成功了,接口也就发布出去了。[图片上传失败...(image-f7a49b-1648388140338)]

    你以为到这里就结束了了,并不是的,我们拿到 dubbo 暴露出去的 url分析分析。

    dubbo 暴露的 url

    dubbo://192.168.61.1:20880/com.shida.service.UserService?application=consumer-of-helloworld-app&dubbo=2.0.2&interface=com.shida.service.UserService&methods=getUserById&pid=19596&register.ip=192.168.61.1&side=consumer&timestamp=1648046349859, dubbo version: 2.6.7, current host: 192.168.61.1

    dubbo://172.20.192.1:20880/com.shida.service.UserService?anyhost=true&application=user-service-provider&bean.name=com.shida.service.UserService&bind.ip=172.20.192.1&bind.port=20880&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=false&interface=com.shida.service.UserService&methods=getUserById&pid=18208&side=provider&timestamp=1648090341935, dubbo version: 2.6.7, current host: 172.20.192.1

    分析

    ① 首先,在形式上我们发现,其实这么牛逼的 dubbo 也是用类似于 http 的协议发布自己的服务的,只是这里我们用的是 dubbo 协议。 ② dubbo://192.168.61.1:20880/com.shida.service.UserService 上面这段链接就是 ? 之前的链接,构成:协议://ip:端口/接口。发现是不是也没有什么神秘的。 ③ application=consumer-of-helloworld-app&dubbo=2.0.2&interface=com.shida.service.UserService&methods=getUserById&pid=19596&register.ip=192.168.61.1&side=consumer&timestamp=1648046349859, dubbo version: 2.6.7, current host: 192.168.61.1 ? 之后的字符串,分析后你发现,这些都是刚刚在 dubbo-userservice-provider.xml 中配置的字段,然后通过 & 拼接而成的,闻到了 http 的香味了吗?

    终于,dubbo 服务端入门了。下面我们看看拿到了 url 后,怎么消费呢?

    3.2 消费端

    上面提到,我们在服务端提供的只是点对点的方式提供服务,并没有使用注册中心,所以,下面的配置也是会有一些不一样的。

    消费端环境配置

    首先,我们在消费端的 resource 下建立配置文件 dubbo-consumer.xml

    [图片上传失败...(image-acb53e-1648388140338)]

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n121" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">


    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app">



    </dubbo:application>


    <dubbo:registry address="N/A"/>

    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />


    <dubbo:service interface="com.shida.service.UserService" ref="userService" />


    <bean id="userService" class="com.shida.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" />

    </beans></pre>

    分析

    ① 发现这里的 dubbo:applicationdubbo:registry 是一致的。 ② dubbo:reference :我们这里采用点对点的方式,所以,需要配置在服务端暴露的 url 。

    maven 依赖

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n125" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
    <artifactId>dobbo-test</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>userservice-consumer</artifactId>

    <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>userservice-provider</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>



    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.32.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </project></pre>

    调用服务

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n127" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.shida;

    import com.shida.entity.User;
    import com.shida.service.UserService;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

    import java.io.IOException;

    /**

    • Description:

    • @author mfei
      **/
      public class AppRun {

      public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException {
      //加载xml配置文件启动
      ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("dubbo-consumer.xml");
      context.start();
      UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");
      User userById = userService.getUserById(1);
      System.out.println(userById);
      System.in.read();
      }
      }</pre>

    这里和服务端的发布如出一辙。

    [图片上传失败...(image-e4b909-1648388140337)]

    如此,我们就成功调用接口了。

    四 加入 zookeeper 作为注册中心

    Zookeeper官网:Apache ZooKeeper

    在前面的案例中,我们没有使用任何的注册中心,而是用一种直连的方式进行的。但是,实际上很多时候,我们都是使用 dubbo + zookeeper 的方式,使用 zookeeper 作为注册中心,这里,我们就介绍一下 zookeeper 作为注册中心的使用方法。

    这里,我们在前面的入门实例中进行改造。

    记着引入添加依赖

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n136" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
    <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
    <artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.10</version>
    </dependency></pre>

    4.1 服务端

    在服务端中,我们只需要修改 dubbo-userservice-provider.xml 即可。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n139" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">


    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app">



    </dubbo:application>
    <dubbo:monitor protocol="registry"/>

    <!--dubbo这个服务所要暴露的服务地址所对应的注册中心-->
    <!--<dubbo:registry address="N/A"/>-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" check="false"/>
    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
    
    <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口,当前为直连,没有用到注册中心 register -->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.shida.service.UserService" ref="userService" />
    
    <!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 -->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.shida.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" />
    

    </beans></pre>

    重点关注这句话

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n141" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" check="false"/></pre>

    在 address 中,使用我们的 zookeeper 的地址。

    如果是 zookeeper 集群的话,使用下面的方式。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n144" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.11.129:2181,192.168.11.137:2181,192.168.11.138:2181"/></pre>

    服务端的配置就好了,其他的跟 入门案例 一样。

    4.2 消费端

    跟服务端一样,在消费端,我们也只需要修改 dubbo-consumer.xml 即可。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n148" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">


    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" check="false"/></pre>

    注意:我们当初使用直连方式的时候在dubbo:reference指定了直连的地址

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n150" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">

    <dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="com.shida.service.UserService" /></pre>

    五、dubbo多种配置方式(xml、api、注解)

    入门实例的时候,我们使用的是 xml 配置的方式,对 dubbo 的环境进行了配置,但是,官方还提供了其他的配置方式,这里我们也一一分解。

    5.1 API配置方式

    这种方式其实官方是不太推荐的,官方推荐使用 xml 配置的方式,但是,在有的时候测试的时候,还是可以用的到的,另外,为了保证完整性,这些内容还是有必要讲讲的。

    首先还是回到服务端工程。

    服务端

    这里我们使用 api 的方式配置,所以,provider.xml 这个配置文件就暂时不需要了,我们只需要在上面的 AppApi 这个类中的 main 方法中用 api配置及启动即可。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n158" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException {

        // 服务实现
        ProviderService providerService = new ProviderServiceImpl();
    
        // 当前应用配置
        ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
        application.setName("provider");
        application.setOwner("sihai");
    
        // 连接注册中心配置
        RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
        registry.setAddress("zookeeper://localhost:2181");
    
        // 服务提供者协议配置
        ProtocolConfig protocol = new ProtocolConfig();
        protocol.setName("dubbo");
        protocol.setPort(20880);
        //protocol.setThreads(200);
    
        // 注意:ServiceConfig为重对象,内部封装了与注册中心的连接,以及开启服务端口
    
        // 服务提供者暴露服务配置
        ServiceConfig<ProviderService> service = new ServiceConfig<ProviderService>(); // 此实例很重,封装了与注册中心的连接,请自行缓存,否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
        service.setApplication(application);
        service.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
        service.setProtocol(protocol); // 多个协议可以用setProtocols()
        service.setInterface(ProviderService.class);
        service.setRef(providerService);
        service.setVersion("1.0.0");
    
        // 暴露及注册服务
        service.export();
    }</pre>
    

    分析

    看到上面的代码是不是云里雾里,不要慌,我们通过对照 xml 的方式分析一下。l

    registry 的 xml 方式

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n163" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181"/></pre>

    API 的方式

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="abnf" cid="n166" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
    registry.setAddress("zookeeper://localhost:2181");</pre>

    dubbo:registry节点对应RegistryConfig,xml 的属性对应 API 方式用 set 方法就可以了。对比之下,你就会发现,如果 API 的方式不熟悉,可以对照 xml 配置方式就可以。

    其他 API

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="stylus" cid="n169" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">org.apache.dubbo.config.ServiceConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ProtocolConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.MonitorConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ApplicationConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ModuleConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ProviderConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ConsumerConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.MethodConfig
    org.apache.dubbo.config.ArgumentConfig</pre>

    更详细的可以查看官方文档: http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn...

    我们再看看我配置的消费端的 Api 方式。

    消费端

    同样,我们不需要 consumer.xml 配置文件了,只需要在 main 方法中启动即可。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="" cid="n174" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 当前应用配置
    ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
    application.setName("consumer");
    application.setOwner("sihai");

        // 连接注册中心配置
        RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
        registry.setAddress("zookeeper://localhost:2181");
    
        // 注意:ReferenceConfig为重对象,内部封装了与注册中心的连接,以及与服务提供方的连接
    
        // 引用远程服务
        ReferenceConfig<ProviderService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<ProviderService>(); // 此实例很重,封装了与注册中心的连接以及与提供者的连接,请自行缓存,否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
        reference.setApplication(application);
        reference.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
        reference.setInterface(ProviderService.class);
    
        // 和本地bean一样使用xxxService
        ProviderService providerService = reference.get(); // 注意:此代理对象内部封装了所有通讯细节,对象较重,请缓存复用
        providerService.sayHello("hello dubbo! I am sihai!");
    }</pre>
    

    5.2 注解配置方式

    注解配置方式还是需要了解一下的,现在微服务都倾向于这种方式,这也是以后发展的趋势,0 配置应该是这几年的趋势。

    那么如何对 dubbo 使用注解的方式呢?我们先看服务端。

    服务端

    第一步:定义接口及实现类

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="haxe" cid="n180" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">/**

    • 注解方式接口
      */
      public interface ProviderServiceAnnotation {
      String SayHelloAnnotation(String word);
      }

    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
    /**

    • 注解方式实现类
      */
      @Service(timeout = 5000)
      public class ProviderServiceImplAnnotation implements ProviderServiceAnnotation{

      public String SayHelloAnnotation(String word) {
      return word;
      }
      }</pre>

    @Service

    @Service 用来配置 Dubbo 的服务提供方。

    第二步:组装服务提供方。通过 Spring 中 Java Config 的技术(@Configuration)和 annotation 扫描(@EnableDubbo)来发现、组装、并向外提供 Dubbo 的服务。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n184" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ApplicationConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ProtocolConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ProviderConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

    /**

    • 注解方式配置
      */
      @Configuration
      @EnableDubbo(scanBasePackages = "annotation.provider")
      public class DubboConfiguration {

      @Bean // #1 服务提供者信息配置
      public ProviderConfig providerConfig() {
      ProviderConfig providerConfig = new ProviderConfig();
      providerConfig.setTimeout(1000);
      return providerConfig;
      }

      @Bean // #2 分布式应用信息配置
      public ApplicationConfig applicationConfig() {
      ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig();
      applicationConfig.setName("dubbo-annotation-provider");
      return applicationConfig;
      }

      @Bean // #3 注册中心信息配置
      public RegistryConfig registryConfig() {
      RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
      registryConfig.setProtocol("zookeeper");
      registryConfig.setAddress("localhost");
      registryConfig.setPort(2181);
      return registryConfig;
      }

      @Bean // #4 使用协议配置,这里使用 dubbo
      public ProtocolConfig protocolConfig() {
      ProtocolConfig protocolConfig = new ProtocolConfig();
      protocolConfig.setName("dubbo");
      protocolConfig.setPort(20880);
      return protocolConfig;
      }
      }</pre>

    分析

    • 通过 @EnableDubbo 指定在com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.annotation 下扫描所有标注有 @Service 的类

    • 通过 @ConfigurationDubboConfiguration 中所有的 @Bean 通过 Java Config 的方式组装出来并注入给 Dubbo 服务,也就是标注有 @Service 的类。这其中就包括了:

      • ProviderConfig:服务提供方配置

      • ApplicationConfig:应用配置

      • RegistryConfig:注册中心配置

      • ProtocolConfig:协议配置

    第三步:启动服务

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n201" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.DubboComponentScan;
    import com.sihai.dubbo.provider.configuration.DubboConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
    import sun.applet.Main;

    import java.io.IOException;

    /**

    • 注解启动方式
      */
      public class AppAnnotation {

      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
      AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(DubboConfiguration.class);
      context.start();
      System.in.read();
      }
      }</pre>

    发现输出下面信息就表示 success 了。 [图片上传失败...(image-1f6606-1648388140337)]

    消费端

    同样我们下看看消费端的工程,有一个感性认识。

    第一步:引用服务

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="kotlin" cid="n206" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.sihai.dubbo.consumer.Annotation;

    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
    import com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.annotation.ProviderServiceAnnotation;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

    /**

    • 注解方式的service
      */
      @Component("annotatedConsumer")
      public class ConsumerAnnotationService {

      @Reference
      private ProviderServiceAnnotation providerServiceAnnotation;

      public String doSayHello(String name) {
      return providerServiceAnnotation.SayHelloAnnotation(name);
      }
      }</pre>

    ConsumerAnnotationService 类中,通过 @Reference 引用服务端提供的类,然后通过方法调用这个类的方式,给消费端提供接口。

    第二步:组装服务消费者 这一步和服务端是类似的,这里就不在重复了。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="typescript" cid="n209" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.sihai.dubbo.consumer.configuration;

    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ApplicationConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ConsumerConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig;
    import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;

    /**

    • 注解配置类
      */
      @Configuration
      @EnableDubbo(scanBasePackages = "annotation.consumer")
      @ComponentScan(value = {"annotation.consumer"})
      public class ConsumerConfiguration {
      @Bean // 应用配置
      public ApplicationConfig applicationConfig() {
      ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig();
      applicationConfig.setName("dubbo-annotation-consumer");
      Map<String, String> stringStringMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
      stringStringMap.put("qos.enable","true");
      stringStringMap.put("qos.accept.foreign.ip","false");
      stringStringMap.put("qos.port","33333");
      applicationConfig.setParameters(stringStringMap);
      return applicationConfig;
      }

      @Bean // 服务消费者配置
      public ConsumerConfig consumerConfig() {
      ConsumerConfig consumerConfig = new ConsumerConfig();
      consumerConfig.setTimeout(3000);
      return consumerConfig;
      }

      @Bean // 配置注册中心
      public RegistryConfig registryConfig() {
      RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
      registryConfig.setProtocol("zookeeper");
      registryConfig.setAddress("localhost");
      registryConfig.setPort(2181);
      return registryConfig;
      }
      }</pre>

    第三步:发起远程调用

    main 方法中通过启动一个 Spring Context,从其中查找到组装好的 Dubbo 的服务消费者,并发起一次远程调用。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="java" cid="n212" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package com.sihai.dubbo.consumer;

    import com.sihai.dubbo.consumer.Annotation.ConsumerAnnotationService;
    import com.sihai.dubbo.consumer.configuration.ConsumerConfiguration;
    import com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.ProviderService;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

    import java.io.IOException;

    /**

    • 注解方式启动

    */
    public class AppAnnotation
    {
    public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException {

        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerConfiguration.class); 
        context.start(); // 启动
        ConsumerAnnotationService consumerAnnotationService = context.getBean(ConsumerAnnotationService.class); 
        String hello = consumerAnnotationService.doSayHello("annotation"); // 调用方法
        System.out.println("result: " + hello); // 输出结果
    
    }
    

    }</pre>

    结果

    [图片上传失败...(image-36543e-1648388140337)]

    六、常用场景介绍

    在下面的讲解中,都会是以 xml 配置的方式来讲解的,这也是 dubbo 官方比较推荐的方式。以下的操作都是在服务端的 xml 配置文件和消费端的配置文件来讲解的。

    6.1 启动时检查

    Dubbo 缺省会在启动时检查依赖的服务是否可用,不可用时会抛出异常,阻止 Spring 初始化完成,以便上线时,能及早发现问题,默认 `check="true"。

    但是,有的时候,我们并不是都需要启动时就检查的,比如测试的时候,我们是需要更快速的启动,所以,这种场景的时候,我们是需要关闭这个功能的。

    下面,我们看看如何使用这个功能。

    在服务端注册的时候(客户端注册时同样适用);

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n222" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181,localhost:2182,localhost:2183" check="false"/></pre>

    在客户端引用服务端服务的时候;

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n224" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:reference check="false" id="providerService"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"/> </pre>

    就是这么简单,就是这么强!

    6.2 集群容错

    dubbo 也是支持集群容错的,同时也有很多可选的方案,其中,默认的方案是 failover,也就是重试机制。

    首先,我们先把所有的容错机制都整理一遍,然后再看看使用。

    集群模式 说明 使用方法
    Failover Cluster 失败自动切换,当出现失败,重试其它服务器。通常用于读操作,但重试会带来更长延迟。可通过 retries="2" 来设置重试次数(不含第一次)。 cluster="xxx" xxx:集群模式名称 ,例如cluster="failover"
    Failfast Cluster 快速失败,只发起一次调用,失败立即报错。通常用于非幂等性的写操作,比如新增记录。
    Failsafe Cluster 失败安全,出现异常时,直接忽略。
    Failback Cluster 失败自动恢复,后台记录失败请求,定时重发。通常用于消息通知操作。
    Forking Cluster 并行调用多个服务器,只要一个成功即返回。通常用于实时性要求较高的读操作,但需要浪费更多服务资源。可通过 forks="2" 来设置最大并行数。
    Broadcast Cluster 广播调用所有提供者,逐个调用,任意一台报错则报错。通常用于通知所有提供者更新缓存或日志等本地资源信息。

    使用实例 在发布服务或者引用服务的时候设置

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n259" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService"/>
    <dubbo:reference cluster="failover" retries="2" check="false" id="providerService"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"/></pre>

    6.3 负载均衡

    负载均衡想必是一个再熟悉不过的概念了,所以,dubbo 支持也是再正常不过了,这里也总结一下 dubbo 支持的负载均衡的一些方案及使用方法。

    负载均衡模式 说明 使用方法
    Random LoadBalance 随机 按权重设置随机概率 <dubbo:service loadbalance="xxx"/> xxx:负载均衡方法
    RoundRobin LoadBalance 轮询 按公约后的权重设置轮询比率。
    LeastActive LoadBalance 最少活跃调用数 相同活跃数的随机,活跃数指调用前后计数差。
    ConsistentHash LoadBalance 一致性 Hash 相同参数的请求总是发到同一提供者。 当某一台提供者挂时,原本发往该提供者的请求,基于虚拟节点,平摊到其它提供者,不会引起剧烈变动。

    6.4 直连提供者

    在开发及测试环境下,经常需要绕过注册中心,只测试指定服务提供者,所以,这种情况下,我们只需要直接连接服务端的地即可,其实,这种方法在前面的讲解已经使用到了,第一种讲解的方式就是这种方式,因为这种方式简单。

    使用

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n286" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:reference id="providerService"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    url="dubbo://192.168.234.1:20880/study.service.ProviderService"/></pre>

    说明:可以看到,只要在消费端在 dubbo:reference 节点使用 url 给出服务端的方法即可。

    6.5 只订阅

    只订阅就是只能够订阅服务端的服务,而不能够注册。

    引用官方的使用场景如下:

    为方便开发测试,经常会在线下共用一个所有服务可用的注册中心,这时,如果一个正在开发中的服务提供者注册,可能会影响消费者不能正常运行。 可以让服务提供者开发方,只订阅服务(开发的服务可能依赖其它服务),而不注册正在开发的服务,通过直连测试正在开发的服务。

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n293" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry register="false" protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181,localhost:2182,localhost:2183" check="false"/></pre>

    ① 使用只订阅方式

    当在服务提供端使用 register="false" 的时候,我们使用下面的方式获取服务端的服务;

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n296" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:reference cluster="failover" retries="2" check="false" id="providerService"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"/></pre>

    启动信息 [图片上传失败...(image-3a5fac-1648388140337)]

    发现,这时候并不是向注册中心 zookeeper 注册,而只是做了发布服务和启动netty

    ② 不使用只订阅方式

    <pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n299" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="localhost:2181,localhost:2182,localhost:2183" check="false"/></pre>

    启动信息 [图片上传失败...(image-3ab950-1648388140337)]

    可以发现,这里就向注册中心 zookeeper 注册了。

    6.6 只注册

    只注册正好跟前面的只订阅相反,这个时候可以向注册中心注册,但是,消费端却不能够读到服务。

    应用场景

    如果有两个镜像环境,两个注册中心,有一个服务只在其中一个注册中心有部署,另一个注册中心还没来得及部署,而两个注册中心的其它应用都需要依赖此服务。这个时候,可以让服务提供者方只注册服务到另一注册中心,而不从另一注册中心订阅服务。

    使用说明

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n308" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:registry subscribe="false" address="localhost:2181"></dubbo:registry></pre>

    在服务端的 dubbo:registry 节点下使用 subscribe="false" 来声明这个服务是只注册的服务。

    这个时候消费端调用的时候是不能调用的。 [图片上传失败...(image-1610af-1648388140337)]

    6.7 多协议机制

    在前面我们使用的协议都是 dubbo 协议,但是 dubbo 除了支持这种协议外还支持其他的协议,比如,rmi、hessian等,另外,而且还可以用多种协议同时暴露一种服务。

    使用方法

    ① 一种接口使用一种协议

    先声明多种协议

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n316" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
    <dubbo:protocol name="rmi" port="1099" /></pre>

    然后在发布接口的时候使用具体协议

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="xml" cid="n318" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService"/>
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" protocol="rmi"/></pre>

    在输出日志中,就可以找到rmi发布的接口。

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="sas" cid="n320" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rmi://192.168.234.1:1099/com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.ProviderService?anyhost=true&application=provider&bean.name=com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.ProviderService&cluster=failover&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=false&interface=com.sihai.dubbo.provider.service.ProviderService&methods=SayHello&owner=sihai&pid=796&retries=2&side=provider&timestamp=1564281053185, dubbo version: 2.6.6, current host: 192.168.234.1</pre>

    ② 一种接口使用多种协议 声明协议和上面的方式一样,在发布接口的时候有一点不一样。

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n322" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" protocol="rmi,dubbo"/></pre>

    说明:protocol属性,可以用,隔开,使用多种协议。

    6.8 多注册中心

    Dubbo 支持同一服务向多注册中心同时注册,或者不同服务分别注册到不同的注册中心上去,甚至可以同时引用注册在不同注册中心上的同名服务。

    服务端多注册中心发布服务

    一个服务可以在不同的注册中心注册,当一个注册中心出现问题时,可以用其他的注册中心。

    注册

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n329" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg1" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2181"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg2" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2182"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg3" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2183"/></pre>

    发布服务

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n331" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" registry="reg1"/>
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" protocol="rmi" registry="reg2"/></pre>

    说明:使用registry="reg2"指定该接口使用的注册中心,同时也可以使用多个,用隔开,例如,registry="reg1,,reg2"

    消费端多注册中心引用服务

    首先,先向不同注册中心注册;

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n335" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg1" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2181"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg2" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2182"/>
    <dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" id="reg3" timeout="10000" address="localhost:2183"/></pre>

    其次,不同的消费端服务引用使用不同的注册中心;

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n337" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">!--不同的服务使用不同的注册中心-->
    <dubbo:reference cluster="failover" retries="2" check="false" id="providerService"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService" registry="reg1"/>
    <dubbo:reference cluster="failover" retries="2" check="false" id="providerService2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService" registry="reg2"/></pre>

    说明:上面分别使用注册中心1和注册中心2。

    6.9 多版本

    不同的服务是有版本不同的,版本可以更新并且升级,同时,不同的版本之间是不可以调用的。

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n341" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" registry="reg1" version="1.0.0"/>
    <dubbo:service cluster="failover" retries="2"
    interface="study.service.ProviderService"
    ref="providerService" protocol="rmi" registry="reg2" version="1.0.0"/></pre>

    加入了版本控制。

    6.10 日志管理

    dubbo 也可以将日志信息记录或者保存到文件中的。

    ① 使用accesslog输出到log4j

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n346" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:protocol accesslog="true" name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
    <dubbo:protocol accesslog="true" name="rmi" port="1099" /></pre>

    ② 输出到文件

    <pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="routeros" cid="n348" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dubbo:protocol accesslog="http://localhost/log.txt" name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
    <dubbo:protocol accesslog="http://localhost/log2.txt" name="rmi" port="1099" /></pre>

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