nginx作为反向代理和负载均衡服务器,存在单点问题。一般要部署两台(master + slave)做高可用。master挂掉之后,可通过keepalived自动使用slave来提供服务。keepalived 基于vrrp协议,对外提供一个虚拟ip。
其他负载均衡服务器LVS(4层),Haproxy(4层和7层),都可使用keepalived做高可用。现在以nginx和keepalived, 来介绍高可用负载均衡服务器。
Nginx
安装必备库
yum install gcc-c++
yum install pcre pcre-devel
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum install openssl openssl--devel
下载指定版本nginx
wget 'http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz'
解压安装
tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.9.9
./configure $默认安装在/usr/local/nginx
make
make install
查看是否安装成功
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
安装成功
启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
重启
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
设置开机启动
vi /etc/rc.local
加入
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
keepalived
下载
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.0.7.tar.gz
解压安装
# tar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.7.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-2.0.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
# make && make install
将 keepalived 安装成 Linux 系统服务
# mkdir /etc/keepalived
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
启动
service keepalived start
设置keepalived开机启动
`
chkconfig keepalived on
修改keepalived配置文件
Master(192.138.33.10)
# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
## keepalived 自带的邮件提醒需要开启 sendmail 服务。 建议用独立的监控或第三方 SMTP
router_id for_nginx## 标识本节点的字条串,通常为 hostname
}
## keepalived 会定时执行脚本并对脚本执行的结果进行分析,动态调整 vrrp_instance 的优先级。如果脚本执行结果为 0,并且 weight 配置的值大于 0,则优先级相应的增加。如果脚本执行结果非 0,并且 weight配置的值小于 0,则优先级相应的减少。其他情况,维持原本配置的优先级,即配置文件中 priority 对应的值。
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/nginx_check.sh" ## 检测 nginx 状态的脚本路径
interval 2 ## 检测时间间隔
weight -20 ## 如果条件成立,权重-20
}
## 定义虚拟路由, VI_1 为虚拟路由的标示符,自己定义名称
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER ## 主节点为 MASTER, 对应的备份节点为 BACKUP
interface eth0 ## 绑定虚拟 IP 的网络接口,与本机 IP 地址所在的网络接口相同, 我的是 eth0
virtual_router_id 33 ## 虚拟路由的 ID 号, 两个节点设置必须一样, 可选 IP 最后一段使用, 相同的 VRID 为一个组,他将决定多播的 MAC 地址
mcast_src_ip 192.168.33.10 ## 本机 IP 地址
priority 100 ## 节点优先级, 值范围 0-254, MASTER 要比 BACKUP 高
nopreempt ## 优先级高的设置 nopreempt 解决异常恢复后再次抢占的问题
advert_int 1 ## 组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样, 默认 1s
## 设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111 ## 真实生产,按需求对应该过来
}
## 将 track_script 块加入 instance 配置块
track_script {
chk_nginx ## 执行 Nginx 监控的服务
} #
# 虚拟 IP 池, 两个节点设置必须一样
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.33.20 ## 虚拟 ip,可以定义多个
}
}
`
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