BLE CoreBluetooth 蓝牙 iOS

作者: 永永不止步 | 来源:发表于2021-03-09 11:04 被阅读0次

蓝牙常见名称和缩写

BLE:(Bluetooth low energy)蓝牙4.0设备因为低耗电,也叫BLE
peripheral,central:外设和中心设备,发起链接的是central(一般是指手机),被链接的设备是peripheral(运动手环)
service and characteristic:(服务和特征)每个设备会提供服务和特征,类似于服务端的API,但是结构不同.每个设备会有很多服务,每个服务中包含很多特征,这些字段的权限一般分为读(read),写(write)权限,还有通知(notify)，就是我们连接设备后具体需要操作的内容
Description:每个characteristic可以对应一个或者多个Description用于描述characteristic的信息或属性(eg.范围,计量单位)

蓝牙基础知识

CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是俩东西:peripheral和central,对应他们分别有一组相关的API和类

image.png

这两组api对应不同的业务:常见的左侧叫中心模式,就是以你的app作为中心,连接其他的外设的场景;而右侧称为外设模式,使用手机作为外设连接其他中心设备操作的场景
服务和特征(service and characteristic)
- 每个设备都会有1个or多个服务
- 每个服务里都会有1个or多个特征
- 特征就是具体键值对,提供数据的地方
- 每个特征属性分为:读,写,通知等等

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
    CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                                = 0x01,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                    = 0x02,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                    = 0x04,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                    = 0x08,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                    = 0x10,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                                = 0x20,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                                = 0x40,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                        = 0x80,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)        = 0x100,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)    = 0x200
};

外设,服务,特征的关系

image.png

在使用前，需要配置蓝牙权限和权限判断

BLE中心模式流程

1.建立中心角色
2.扫描外设(Discover Peripheral)
3.连接外设(Connect Peripheral)
4.扫描外设中的服务和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
- 4.1 获取外设的services
- 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取characteristics的值,,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
5.利用特征与外设做数据交互(Explore And Interact)
6.订阅Characteristic的通知
7.断开连接(Disconnect)

BLE外设模式流程

1.启动一个Peripheral管理对象
2.本地peripheral设置服务,特征,描述,权限等等
3.peripheral发送广告
4.设置处理订阅,取消订阅,读characteristic,写characteristic的代理方法

蓝牙设备的状态

1.待机状态(standby):设备没有传输和发送数据,并且没有连接到任何外设
2.广播状态(Advertiser):周期性广播状态
3.扫描状态(Scanner):主动搜索正在广播的设备
4.发起链接状态(Initiator):主动向扫描设备发起连接
5.主设备(Master):作为主设备连接到其它设备.
6.从设备(Slave):作为从设备链接到其它设备

蓝牙设备的五种工作状态

准备(Standby)
广播(Advertising)
监听扫描(Scanning)
发起连接(Initiating)
已连接(Connected)

蓝牙和版本使用限制

蓝牙2.0:越狱设备
BLE:iOS6以上
MFI认证设备:无限制

BLE中心模式详解

准备环境

1.Xcode7.0 以上
2.手机 iOS7
3.外设(手机+LightBlue)

实现步骤

1.导入CB头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface BLEController () <CBCentralManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr; /**< 中心管理设备 */
@end
@implementation BLEController
#pragma mark - 懒加载
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
    if (!_cMgr) {
        NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        /*
         设置主设备的代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
         必须实现的：
         - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变调用，在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
         其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的：
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设
         */
        _cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 线程不传默认是主线程
    }
    return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"BLE";
    // 初始化
    [self cMgr];
    // 不能在此处扫描,因为状态还没变为打开
    //[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}

2.扫描外设

扫描的方法防治cMgr成功打开的代理方法中
只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错

#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate
// 中心管理者状态改变, 在初始化CBCentralManager的时候会打开设备，只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    switch (central.state) {
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
            // 2.开始扫描周围的外设
            /*
             第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设，扫描到外设后会进入
             - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
             */
            [self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];

            break;
        default:
        break;
    }
}
// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
    // 接下来连接设备
}

3.连接外设

扫描手环,打印结果

image.png

根据打印结果

// 扫描到设备会进入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);

    // 3.接下来可以连接设备
    //如果你没有设备，可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
    //这里自己去设置下连接规则，我设置的是二维码扫描到的运动手环的设备号
    // 判断设备号是否扫描到
    if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
        /*
         一个主设备最多能连7个外设，每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功，失败，断开会进入各自的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
         */
        // 保存外设,否则方法结束就销毁
        self.per = peripheral;
        [self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
    }else
    {
        // 此处Alert提示未扫描到设备,重新扫描
#warning noCode
        NSLog(@"没扫描到 >>>>>>>>  %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    }
}
// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
}
// 外设连接失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
// 断开连接(丢失连接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}

4.扫描外设中的服务和特征

  设备链接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务(services)了,同样是通过代理,扫描到结果后会触发某代理方法.
  注意:此时CBCentralManagerDelegate已经不能满足需求,需要新的CBPeripheralDelegate来搞定.
  该协议中包含了central与peripheral的许多回调方法
  (eg.:获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值,写数据,读RSSI,用通知的方式订阅数据等等).

4.1 获取外设的services
- 首先设置外设的代理,并搜寻services
- 然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍历services

// 外设连接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为（%@）的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
    //设置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
    //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
    [peripheral setDelegate:self];

    //扫描外设Services，成功后会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
    /*
     Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
     An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
     */
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
// 发现外设的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }

    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
        //扫描每个service的Characteristics，扫描到后会进入方法： -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
    }
}

4.2 获取外设的characteris,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值

// 外设发现service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
    {
        NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
    }

#warning noCodeFor 优化,分开写是为了让大家看注释清晰,并不符合编码规范
    //获取Characteristic的值，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设读取特征的值
    }

    //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors，读到数据会进入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外设发现特征的描述
    }
}

// 获取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
    //!注意，value的类型是NSData，具体开发时，会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@  value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}
// 获取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
    //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述，一般都是字符串，所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}
// 发现特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
        NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
    }
}

5.写数据到特征中

// 5.将数据写入特征(自定义方法,为了看的更清楚,没别的意思)
- (void)wt_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    /*
    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
        CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                                = 0x01,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                    = 0x02,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                    = 0x04,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                    = 0x08,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                    = 0x10,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                                = 0x20,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                                = 0x40,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                        = 0x80,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)        = 0x100,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)    = 0x200
    };
     打印出特征的权限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS的枚举,可以是多个值
     常见的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道这几个基本够用了,前俩是读写权限,后俩都是通知,俩不同的通知方式
     */
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.properties:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.properties);

    // 只有特征的properties中有写的属性时候,才写
    if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
        // 这句才是正宗的核心代码
        [peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
    }
}

6.订阅特征的通知

// 设置通知
- (void)wt_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    // 设置通知, 数据会进入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
// 取消通知
- (void)wt_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}

7.断开连接

// 7.断开连接
- (void)wt_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    // 停止扫描
    [cMgr stopScan];
    // 断开连接
    [cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}

BLE-periphral外设模式流程详解

peripheral模式的流程

1.引入CoreBluetooth框架,初始化peripheralManager
2.设置peripheralManager中的内容
3.开启广播advertising
4.对central的操作进行响应
- 4.1 读characteristics请求
- 4.2 写characteristics请求
- 4.4 订阅和取消订阅characteristics

准备环境

Xcode
真机(4s以上)

具体操作步骤

1.引入CoreBluetooth框架,初始化peripheralManager

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface BLEPeripheralViewController () <CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBPeripheralManager *pMgr; /**< 外设管理者 */
@end

@implementation BLEPeripheralViewController
// 懒加载
- (CBPeripheralManager *)pMgr
{
    if (!_pMgr) {
        _pMgr = [[CBPeripheralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
    }
    return _pMgr;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 调用get方法初始化,初始化后CBPeripheralManager状态改变会调用代理方法peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:
    // 模拟器永远也不会是CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn状态
    [self pMgr];
}

2.设置peripheralManager中的内容

创建characteristics及其description,
创建service,把characteristics添加到service中,
再把service添加到peripheralManager中

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralManagerDelegate
// CBPeripheralManager初始化后会触发的方法
- (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral
{
    if (peripheral.state == CBPeripheralManagerStatePoweredOn) {
        // 提示设备成功打开
        [SVProgressHUD showSuccessWithStatus:@"xmg设备打开成功~"];
        // 配置各种服务入CBPeripheralManager
        [self yf_setupPMgr];
    }else
    {
        // 提示设备打开失败
        [SVProgressHUD showErrorWithStatus:@"失败!"];
    }
}

#pragma mark - 私有方法
- (void)wt_setupPMgr
{
    // 特征描述的UUID
    CBUUID *characteristicUserDescriptionUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:CBUUIDCharacteristicUserDescriptionString];
    // 特征的通知UUID
    CBUUID *notifyCharacteristicUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:notiyCharacteristicStrUUID];
    // 特征的读写UUID
    CBUUID *readwriteCharacteristicUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:readwriteCharacteristicStrUUID];
    // 特征的只读UUID
    CBUUID *readCharacteristicUUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:readwriteCharacteristicStrUUID];
    CBUUID *ser1UUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:Service1StrUUID];
    CBUUID *ser2UUID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:Service2StrUUID];

    // 初始化一个特征的描述
    CBMutableDescriptor *des1 = [[CBMutableDescriptor alloc] initWithType:characteristicUserDescriptionUUID value:@"xmgDes1"];

    // 可通知的特征
    CBMutableCharacteristic *notifyCharacteristic = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc] initWithType:notifyCharacteristicUUID // UUID
                                                                                       properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify // 枚举:通知
                                                                                            value:nil // 数据先不传
                                                                                      permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable]; // 枚举:可读
    // 可读写的特征
    CBMutableCharacteristic *readwriteChar = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc] initWithType:readwriteCharacteristicUUID
                                                                                properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead | CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite
                                                                                     value:nil
                                                                               permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable | CBAttributePermissionsWriteable];
    [readwriteChar setDescriptors:@[des1]]; // 设置特征的描述

    // 只读特征
    CBMutableCharacteristic *readChar = [[CBMutableCharacteristic alloc] initWithType:readCharacteristicUUID
                                                                           properties:CBCharacteristicPropertyRead
                                                                                value:nil
                                                                          permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable];

    // 初始化服务1
    CBMutableService *ser1 = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:ser1UUID primary:YES];
    // 为服务设置俩特征(通知, 带描述的读写)
    [ser1 setCharacteristics:@[notifyCharacteristic, readwriteChar]];

    // 初始化服务2,并且添加一个只读特征
    CBMutableService *ser2 = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:ser2UUID primary:YES];
    ser2.characteristics = @[readChar];

    // 添加服务进外设管理者
    // 添加操作会触发代理方法peripheralManager:didAddService:error:
    [self.pMgr addService:ser1];
    [self.pMgr addService:ser2];
}

3.开启广播

// 添加服务进CBPeripheralManager时会触发的方法
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    // 由于添加了两次ser,所以方法会调用两次
    static int i = 0;
    if (!error) {
        i++;
    }

    // 当第二次进入方法时候,代表两个服务添加完毕,此时要用到2,由于没有扩展性,所以新增了可变数组,记录添加的服务数量
    if (i == self.servieces.count) {
        // 广播内容
        NSDictionary *advertDict = @{CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey: [self.servieces valueForKeyPath:@"UUID"],
                                     CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey:LocalNameKey};
        // 发出广播,会触发peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:error:
        [peripheral startAdvertising:advertDict];
    }
}
// 开始广播触发的代理
- (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{

}

>>>>>>>>分割线>>>>下面是修改的地方

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *servieces; /**< 服务可变数组 */
// 自定义服务
- (NSMutableArray *)servieces
{
    if (!_servieces) {
        _servieces = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return _servieces;
}
#pragma mark - 私有方法
- (void)wt_setupPMgr
{
    ...

    // 初始化服务1
    CBMutableService *ser1 = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:ser1UUID primary:YES];
    // 为服务设置俩特征(通知, 带描述的读写)
    [ser1 setCharacteristics:@[notifyCharacteristic, readwriteChar]];
    [self.servieces addObject:ser1];

    // 初始化服务2,并且添加一个只读特征
    CBMutableService *ser2 = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:ser2UUID primary:YES];
    ser2.characteristics = @[readChar];
    [self.servieces addObject:ser2];

    // 添加服务进外设管理者
    // 添加操作会触发代理方法peripheralManager:didAddService:error:
    if (self.servieces.count) {
        for (CBMutableService *ser in self.servieces) {
            [self.pMgr addService:ser];
        }
    }
}

4.对central的操作做出响应

4.1 读characteristics请求
4.2 写characteristics请求
4.3 订阅和取消订阅characteristics

// 外设收到读的请求,然后读特征的值赋值给request
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    // 判断是否可读
    if (request.characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
        NSData *data = request.characteristic.value;

        request.value = data;
        // 对请求成功做出响应
        [self.pMgr respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess];
    }else
    {
        [self.pMgr respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorWriteNotPermitted];
    }
}
// 外设收到写的请求,然后读request的值,写给特征
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, requests = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, requests);
    CBATTRequest *request = requests.firstObject;
    if (request.characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
        NSData *data = request.value;
        // 此处赋值要转类型,否则报错
        CBMutableCharacteristic *mChar = (CBMutableCharacteristic *)request.characteristic;
        mChar.value = data;
        // 对请求成功做出响应
        [self.pMgr respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess];
    }else
    {
        [self.pMgr respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorWriteNotPermitted];
    }
}

// 与CBCentral的交互
// 订阅特征
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, 订阅了%@的数据", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID);
    NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:2.0
                                                      target:self
                                                    selector:@selector(wt_sendData:)
                                                    userInfo:characteristic
                                                     repeats:YES];

    self.timer = timer;

    /* 另一种方法 */
//    NSTimer *testTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:2.0
//                                                 target:self
//                                               selector:@selector(wt_sendData:)
//                                               userInfo:characteristic
//                                                repeats:YES];
//    [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:testTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];

}
// 取消订阅特征
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, 取消订阅了%@的数据", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID);
    [self.timer invalidate];
    self.timer = nil;
}

- (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}

// 计时器每隔两秒调用的方法
- (BOOL)wt_sendData:(NSTimer *)timer
{
    NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    dateFormatter.dateFormat = @"yy:MM:dd:HH:mm:ss";

    NSString *now = [dateFormatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];
    NSLog(@"now = %@", now);

    // 执行回应central通知数据
    return  [self.pMgr updateValue:[now dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]
         forCharacteristic:timer.userInfo
      onSubscribedCentrals:nil];
}

BLE CoreBluetooth 蓝牙 iOS

蓝牙常见名称和缩写

蓝牙基础知识

BLE中心模式流程

BLE外设模式流程

蓝牙设备的状态

蓝牙设备的五种工作状态

蓝牙和版本使用限制

BLE中心模式详解

准备环境

实现步骤

1.导入CB头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理

2.扫描外设

3.连接外设

4.扫描外设中的服务和特征

5.写数据到特征中

6.订阅特征的通知

7.断开连接

BLE-periphral外设模式流程详解

peripheral模式的流程

准备环境

具体操作步骤

1.引入CoreBluetooth框架,初始化peripheralManager

2.设置peripheralManager中的内容

3.开启广播

4.对central的操作做出响应

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