假设现在有个需求，根据已有的一个对象，复制N个实体，要求复制后的对象属性一致，传统代码可能是这么写。
public static void main(String[] args) {
//传统的方法
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");
Sheep sheep2 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep3 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep4 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
Sheep sheep5 = new Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());
//....
System.out.println(sheep);
System.out.println(sheep2);
System.out.println(sheep3);
System.out.println(sheep4);
System.out.println(sheep5);
//...
}
这种方式的优点是简单，容易理解，但是这种方法，如果被复制的对象比较复杂的时候，效率很低，代码也随之复杂起来。
改进:
Java中的Object类中有clone方法，他可以将对象复制一份,但是 需要被复制的类必须实现Cloneable接口，表示该类具有复制的能力。
public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private String color;
private String address = "蒙古羊";
public Sheep friend; //是对象, 克隆是会如何处理？
public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", color=" + color + ", address=" + address + "]";
}
@Override
protected Object clone() {
Sheep sheep = null;
try {
sheep = (Sheep)super.clone();//这里调用父类的clone方法来实现复制
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return sheep;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("原型模式完成对象的创建");
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("tom", 1, "白色");
sheep.friend = new Sheep("jack", 2, "黑色");
Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep)sheep.clone(); //克隆
System.out.println("sheep2 =" + sheep2 + "sheep2.friend=" + sheep2.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep3 =" + sheep3 + "sheep3.friend=" + sheep3.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep4 =" + sheep4 + "sheep4.friend=" + sheep4.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep5 =" + sheep5 + "sheep5.friend=" + sheep5.friend.hashCode());
}
Spring中的原型模式调用
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Object bean = applicationContext.getBean("id01");
追踪getBean源码，AbstractBeanFactory.getBean调用doGetBean，doGetBean中有以下代码，原型模式
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = this.getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
return this.createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
} catch (BeansException var5) {
this.destroySingleton(beanName);
throw var5;
}
});
bean = this.getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
} else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
var11 = null;
Object prototypeInstance;
try {
this.beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
prototypeInstance = this.createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
} finally {
this.afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = this.getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
} else
深拷贝与浅拷贝
深拷贝：对于成员变量是基本类型浅拷贝会直接复制一份值出来，对于引用类型(String呀，数组呀，类对象呀)浅拷贝会复制地址的值，对于上面的拷贝，可以看出来 Object中的clone使用的是浅拷贝。
深拷贝:对于引用类型，也重新复制一个对象出来，这样会整改对象都会拷贝出来。
深拷贝实现1：重写clone方法(不推荐，不能做到完全深拷贝)
深拷贝实现2：序列化(推荐)
public class DeepCloneableTarget implements Serializable, Cloneable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String cloneName;
private String cloneClass;
//构造器
public DeepCloneableTarget(String cloneName, String cloneClass) {
this.cloneName = cloneName;
this.cloneClass = cloneClass;
}
//因为该类的属性，都是String , 因此我们这里使用默认的clone完成即可
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
public class DeepProtoType implements Serializable, Cloneable{
public String name; //String 属性
public DeepCloneableTarget deepCloneableTarget;// 引用类型
public DeepProtoType() {
super();
}
//深拷贝 - 方式 1 使用clone 方法
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object deep = null;
//这里完成对基本数据类型(属性)和String的克隆
deep = super.clone();
//对引用类型的属性，进行单独处理
DeepProtoType deepProtoType = (DeepProtoType)deep;
deepProtoType.deepCloneableTarget = (DeepCloneableTarget)deepCloneableTarget.clone();
return deepProtoType;
}
//深拷贝 - 方式2 通过对象的序列化实现 (推荐)
public Object deepClone() {
//创建流对象
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
//序列化
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this); //当前这个对象以对象流的方式输出
//反序列化
bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
DeepProtoType copyObj = (DeepProtoType)ois.readObject();
return copyObj;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
} finally {
//关闭流
try {
bos.close();
oos.close();
bis.close();
ois.close();
} catch (Exception e2) {
System.out.println(e2.getMessage());
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DeepProtoType p = new DeepProtoType();
p.name = "宋江";
p.deepCloneableTarget = new DeepCloneableTarget("大牛", "小牛");
//方式1 完成深拷贝
// DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType) p.clone();
//
// System.out.println("p.name=" + p.name + "p.deepCloneableTarget=" + p.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
// System.out.println("p2.name=" + p.name + "p2.deepCloneableTarget=" + p2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
//方式2 完成深拷贝
DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType) p.deepClone();
System.out.println("p.name=" + p.name + "p.deepCloneableTarget=" + p.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
System.out.println("p2.name=" + p.name + "p2.deepCloneableTarget=" + p2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode());
}
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