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centos下k8s的安装过程

centos下k8s的安装过程

作者: 菜菜少吃菜 | 来源:发表于2020-04-19 12:42 被阅读0次

    文首声明: 本文旨在记录过程,细节不会详细介绍。


    本次安装使用在win10创建的两个centos虚拟机,k8s安装依旧选择kubeadm这个安装神器。

    简单介绍kubeadm:

    安装kubeadm实际上会帮我们安装四个软件包:kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl、kubernetes-cni。

    • kubeadm:k8集群的一键部署工具,通过把k8的各类核心组件和插件以pod的方式部署来简化安装过程
    • kubelet:运行在每个节点上的node agent,k8集群通过kubelet真正的去操作每个节点上的容器,由于需要直接操作宿主机的各类资源,所以没有放在pod里面,还是通过服务的形式装在系统里面
    • kubectl:kubernetes的命令行工具,通过连接api-server完成对于k8的各类操作
    • kubernetes-cni:k8的虚拟网络设备,通过在宿主机上虚拟一个cni0网桥,来完成pod之间的网络通讯,作用和docker0类似。

    环境准备

    node1(master):

    • ip:192.168.0.109
    • 系统:centos7
    • hostname:centos1

    node2:

    • ip:192.168.0.103
    • 系统:centos7
    • hostname:centos2

    kubernetes:

    • 版本:1.14.1
    • 说明:k8s的迭代速度还是很惊人的,1.14.1是2019年4月发布的版本,而文时最新版本已经是1.18.2。所以安装过程可能不完全适用新版本,请选择食用。

    yum源

    注意,如果你的机器是arm架构,源也要对应修改为https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-arm64/

    # root @ centos1 in ~ [3:49:02]
    $ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    
    # root @ centos1 in /etc/yum.repos.d [3:49:35]
    $ cat kubernetes.repo
    [kubernetes]
    name=kubernetes
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
    gpgcheck=0
    enable=1
    
    yum clean all
    yum makecache
    

    软件包安装

    # docker 安装
    $ yum install -y docker-ce
    # kubeadm安装,如果想安装其他版本,请更换版本号
    $ yum install -y kubeadm-1.14.1
    

    前置条件

    kubeadm安装前会对swap、镜像做预检。

    关闭防火墙

    #关闭防火墙和selinux
    systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
    

    关闭selinux

    sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && setenforce 0
    

    iptable防火墙设置

    cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    EOF
    

    关闭swap

    为什么要关闭swap

    
    #临时关闭
    swapoff -a
    #永久关闭,注释swap
    $ cat /etc/fstab
    #
    # /etc/fstab
    # Created by anaconda on Mon Mar 23 07:57:47 2020
    #
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    #
    /dev/mapper/centos_centos1-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
    UUID=03454a1c-18b4-422b-bb15-ac808270390a /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
    /dev/mapper/centos_centos1-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
    #/dev/mapper/centos_centos1-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
    
    $ free -m # swap全为0
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           7991        1312        5070          41        1609        6560
    Swap:             0           0           0
    

    k8s安装

    启动kubelet

    systemctl start kubelet
    systemctl enable kubelet
    

    初始化

    注意发生任何错误都可以kubeadm reset重置。

    # 可以看到要想顺利安装k8s,需要master上有这些镜像
    $ kubeadm config images list
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
    k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
    k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
    k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
    
    # 可以f墙,先把镜像拉下来
    $ kubeadm config images pull
    
    # 不能翻墙,初始化时指定image-repository
    kubeadm init \
        --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.109 \
        --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
        --kubernetes-version v1.14.1 \
        --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
    # 最后看到一段这样的打印代表安装成功
    Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
    
    To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
    
      mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
      sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
      sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    
    You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
    Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
      https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
    
    You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
    as root:
    
      kubeadm join 192.168.0.109:6443 --token wde86i.tmjaf7d18v26zg03 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b05fa53d8f8c10fa4159ca499eb91cf11fbb9b27801b7ea9eb7d5066d86ae366
    
    初始化命令说明:
    • --apiserver-advertise-address
      指明用 Master 的哪个 interface 与 Cluster 的其他节点通信。如果 Master 有多个 interface,建议明确指定,如果不指定,kubeadm 会自动选择有默认网关的 interface。

    • --pod-network-cidr
      指定 Pod 网络的范围。Kubernetes 支持多种网络方案,而且不同网络方案对 --pod-network-cidr 有自己的要求,这里设置为 10.244.0.0/16 是因为我们将使用 flannel 网络方案,必须设置成这个 CIDR。

    • --image-repository
      Kubenetes默认Registries地址是 k8s.gcr.io,在国内并不能访问 gcr.io,在1.14版本中我们可以增加–image-repository参数,默认值是 k8s.gcr.io,将其指定为阿里云镜像地址:registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers。

    • --kubernetes-version=v1.14.1
      关闭版本探测,因为它的默认值是stable-1,会导致从https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt下载最新的版本号,我们可以将其指定为固定版本(最新版:v1.14.1)来跳过网络请求。

    配置kubectl与api-server的认证

    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    

    配置flannel网络插件

    # 可以看到此时coredns pod为pending状态,需要配置flannel插件
    $ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    coredns-86c58d9df4-gbgzx                  0/1     Pending   0          5m28s
    coredns-86c58d9df4-kzljk                  0/1     Pending   0          5m28s
    etcd-miwifi-r1cm-srv                      1/1     Running   0          4m40s
    kube-apiserver-miwifi-r1cm-srv            1/1     Running   0          4m52s
    kube-controller-manager-miwifi-r1cm-srv   1/1     Running   0          5m3s
    kube-proxy-9c8cs                          1/1     Running   0          5m28s
    kube-scheduler-miwifi-r1cm-srv            1/1     Running   0          4m45s
    

    下载flannel.yaml

    # 依旧需要f墙,我会在文末贴一个kube-flannel.yaml
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
    

    安装flannel

    kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
    # 稍等片刻,查看node节点状态已经为ready
    kubectl get nodes
    NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
    centos1   Ready    master   9h    v1.14.1
    

    注意,默认master节点是不能调度pod的,我们需要打一个污点标记

    kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
    

    查看一下pod和核心组件的状态

    全部running

    $ kubectl get pod -A
    NAMESPACE     NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    kube-system   coredns-584795fc57-gkz8c                1/1     Running   1          9h
    kube-system   coredns-584795fc57-khnh9                1/1     Running   1          9h
    kube-system   etcd-centos1                            1/1     Running   1          9h
    kube-system   kube-apiserver-centos1                  1/1     Running   1          9h
    kube-system   kube-controller-manager-centos1         1/1     Running   3          9h
    kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-xplqf                   1/1     Running   2          9h
    kube-system   kube-proxy-frgmz                        1/1     Running   1          9h
    kube-system   kube-scheduler-centos1                  1/1     Running   4          9h
    kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-645bd89df5-6bbg5   1/1     Running   1          9h
    # 全部ok
    $ kubectl get componentstatus
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
    scheduler            Healthy   ok
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
    

    加入一个新节点

    k8s集群中加入节点极其简单,新节点需要保证已经启动kubelet,关闭selinux,swap,防火墙。
    master节点上执行 kubeadm token create --print-join-command获取join命令
    新节点上执行join命令,看到以下回显说明安装成功,注意kubelet的版本一定和master上保持一致。
    有可能会出现一些奇奇怪怪的错误,基本在网上都能找得到解决方案。

    $ kubeadm join 192.168.0.109:6443 --token h2ptf3.462ye8azrpbietgt     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1995d3c35f8863b66344129fddde6a69aeced57ed452658e3500fcbb2fc18784
    [preflight] Running pre-flight checks
    [preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
    [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
    [kubelet-start] WARNING: unable to stop the kubelet service momentarily: [exit status 5]
    [kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.14" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
    [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
    [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
    [kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
    [kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
    
    This node has joined the cluster:
    * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
    * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
    
    Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
    

    结束

    至此大功告成,dashboard安装见下一篇。

    kube-flannel.yml

    注意image修改为对应你机器架构的镜像

    ---
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: flannel
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - pods
        verbs:
          - get
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - nodes
        verbs:
          - list
          - watch
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - nodes/status
        verbs:
          - patch
    ---
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
    metadata:
      name: flannel
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: flannel
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: flannel
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: flannel
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    kind: ConfigMap
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      name: kube-flannel-cfg
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    data:
      cni-conf.json: |
        {
          "name": "cbr0",
          "plugins": [
            {
              "type": "flannel",
              "delegate": {
                "hairpinMode": true,
                "isDefaultGateway": true
              }
            },
            {
              "type": "portmap",
              "capabilities": {
                "portMappings": true
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      net-conf.json: |
        {
          "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
          "Backend": {
            "Type": "vxlan"
          }
        }
    ---
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: DaemonSet
    metadata:
      name: kube-flannel-ds
      namespace: kube-system
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            tier: node
            app: flannel
        spec:
          hostNetwork: true
          nodeSelector:
            beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
          tolerations:
          - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
            operator: Exists
            effect: NoSchedule
          serviceAccountName: flannel
          initContainers:
          - name: install-cni
            image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
            command:
            - cp
            args:
            - -f
            - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
            - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
            volumeMounts:
            - name: cni
              mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
          containers:
          - name: kube-flannel
            image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
            command:
            - /opt/bin/flanneld
            args:
            - --ip-masq
            - --kube-subnet-mgr
            resources:
              requests:
                cpu: "100m"
                memory: "50Mi"
              limits:
                cpu: "100m"
                memory: "50Mi"
            securityContext:
              privileged: true
            env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            volumeMounts:
            - name: run
              mountPath: /run
            - name: flannel-cfg
              mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
          volumes:
            - name: run
              hostPath:
                path: /run
            - name: cni
              hostPath:
                path: /etc/cni/net.d
            - name: flannel-cfg
              configMap:
                name: kube-flannel-cfg
    

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