CocoaPods｜安装流程与使用

系统环境：macOS CataLina 10.15.2

1. 安装 RVM

• 开始安装

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

• 进入目录

source ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bash_profile

• 成功后查看版本

rvm -v

2. Ruby升级

• 获取Ruby版本

ruby -v

• 对比Ruby版本

rvm list known

• 更新Ruby

rvm install 2.7.0-preview1

3. 更换Ruby源

• 查看当前源

gem sources -l

• 移除默认源

gem sources --remove https://ruby.taobao.org/

• 替换源

gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.com/

（尾巴这条斜杆需要斟酌移除）

4. 安装CocoaPods

1. OS X 10.11之前系统的安装cocoapods 指令

$ sudo gem install cocoapods

2. OS X 10.11以后系统的安装cocoapods 指令

$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoa pods

• 安装

pod setup

• 完成之后

pod --version //查看版本

• 测试一下

pod search afnetworking

使用流程

cd 目标路径
pod init

• 然后操作Podfile文件，一般使用vim

  # Uncomment the next line to define a global platform for your project
platform :ios, '8.0'

target 'ProjectName' do
  # Uncomment the next line if you're using Swift or would like to use dynamic frameworks
  # use_frameworks!

  pod 'AFNetworking'

end

• 完成它

pod install

• 如若比较慢，可使用{🔽}，无须更新本地库情况下（更新同理）

pod install --no-repo-update

打开白色工程 projectName.xcworkspace

5. 更新CocoaPods

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods --pre

6. 更新CocoaPods 1.8.+版本本地库

• 1.8+强制安装了新的源trunk，采用cdn替换了原本的master
• 直接通过cdn方式更新本地库

iMac:mac$ pod install
    Analyzing dependencies
    Adding spec repo `trunk` with CDN `https://cdn.cocoapods.org/`
    Downloading dependencies
    Generating Pods project
    Integrating client project
    Pod installation complete! There are 28 dependencies from the Podfile and 32 total pods installed.

---

附录

• 查看已下载各Pod版本
  可直接打开Podfile.lock查看，例如：

PODS:
  - UMCAnalytics (6.0.5):
    - UMCCommon
  - UMCCommon (2.1.1)
  - UMCSecurityPlugins (1.0.6)

---

问题与解决

---

更新系统Or Xcode产生的问题

1. 在更新OS或Xcode之后
   出现 Failed to extract git version from ·git --version· 🔽

macdeMacBook-Air:~ mac$ pod --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
    7: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `<main>'
    6: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval'
    5: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/bin/pod:23:in `<main>'
    4: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/bin/pod:23:in `load'
    3: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-1.8.4/bin/pod:55:in `<top (required)>'
    2: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-1.8.4/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:49:in `run'
    1: from /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-1.8.4/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:130:in `verify_minimum_git_version!'
/Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0-preview1/lib/ruby/gems/2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-1.8.4/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:118:in `git_version': Failed to extract git version from `git --version` ("xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun\\n") (RuntimeError)

• 解决方法

xcode-select --install

2. 更新系统后若发生 No such file or directory🔽

xiaowen:~ natsuhirofumi$ pod --version
-bash: /usr/local/bin/pod: /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/ruby: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

• 解决方法

// 指定缺失路径安装
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

---

更新CocoaPods 1.8+的CDN产生的问题

• 早在1.7.2 CocoaPods就将源方式切换成CDN方式

CDN support was first introduced in the 1.7 release and was finalized in 1.7.2. It aims to speed up initial setup and dependency analysis dramatically.

• 但在1.8+中CDN方式成为默认选项

CocoaPods 1.8 switches the CDN as the default spec repo source

• 附上官方说明 🔽
  CocoaPods 1.8 Beta is Here!

1. RPC failed; curl 56 LibreSSL SSL_read: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL, errno 54
   更新本地库出现报错

• 解决方法：

git clone https://git.coding.net/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master

• 网络欠佳可以试试别的源

///因Coding停止维护，可切别的源~
* https://code.aliyun.com/Magi/CocoaPods.git   
* https://gitclub.cn/CocoaPods/Specs.git `推荐`

• 如还是无法解决，可参照下面DNS污染问题尝试解决（修改host）

2. 如果pod install中发现：

You have either: 
* out-of-date source repos which you can update with `pod repo update`.
* mistyped the name or version. 
* not added the source repo that hosts the Podspec to your Podfile.

Note: as of CocoaPods 1.0, `pod repo update` does not happen on `pod install` by default.

• 可尝试直接更新最新版本

sudo gem install cocoapods --pre

• 如果还是不行，可移除缓存重新安装，或者
  ⌘ + ⇧ + G 进入repos目录直接删除master/trunk

// 移除本地master
sudo rm -fr ~/.cocoapods/repos/master
// 移除本地缓存
sudo rm -fr ~/Library/Caches/CocoaPods/
-------------方法分隔线-------------
// repos目录
~/.cocoapods/repos/

• 移除本地库后

// 重新setup，如果很慢可使用问题1的解决方法（git clone）
pod setup --verbose

---

出现最多的连接问题

3. 更新时，CocoaPods 1.8.0 的trunk连接失败的问题

[!] CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CocoaPods/Specs/master/Specs/ Response: 400
或者是
[!] CDN: trunk Repo update failed - 70 error(s): CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: [库信息], error: Failed to open TCP connection to raw.githubusercontent.com:443
亦或是
[!] CDN: trunk Repo update failed - 14 error(s): CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CocoaPods/Specs/master/Specs/[库路径].podspec.json Response: Couldn't connect to server

解决方法一（使用旧下载方式）

• 打开podfile文件，顶部添加{🔽}，指定旧方式下载

//source `源地址`
source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'

• 因为脱离trunk方式，亦可移除trunk

pod repo remove trunk

• 可确认是否已移除trunk

pod repo list

解决方法二（解决DNS污染问题）

• CDN方式以trunk代替Master
• 编辑Podfile，将CDN设置为主要来源，1.8+已是默认项

- source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
+ source 'https://cdn.cocoapods.org/'

• 移除本地库

pod repo remove master

• ping 出ip 地址

ping raw.githubusercontent.com

• 获取ip地址后⌃ + c 退出
  

  捕获ip地址

• 或使用nslookup

nslookup raw.githubusercontent.com

----------------------------------->>
Server:     192.168.31.1
Address:    192.168.31.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   raw.githubusercontent.com
Address: 151.101.228.133

• 修改/etc/hosts

sudo vi /etc/hosts

• i 编辑模式

// 添加在最后一行
151.101.228.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

如图所示

• 刷新DNS缓存

sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

• 重试

pod install

---皆大欢喜---
Analyzing dependencies
Downloading dependencies
Installing AFNetworking (3.2.1)
Installing UMCAnalytics (6.0.5)
Installing UMCCommon (2.1.1)
Installing UMCSecurityPlugins (1.0.6)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project
Pod installation complete! There are 4 dependencies from the Podfile and 4 total pods installed.

• 同理网络问题，可获取对应ip地址写进host直接访问

---

• 附获取真实ip链接
  CA App Synthetic Monitor
  IPAddress.com

##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1       localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
## github
13.250.177.223 github.com
69.171.244.12 github.global.ssl.fastly.net
199.232.28.133 raw.githubusercontent.com (真实ip)
## cocoa
157.230.35.153 cdn.cocoapods.org
~ 
/** 
* 说明：
* 未标记真实ip，直接通过nslookup获取
**/

---

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