ReactiveCocoa是一个将函数响应式编程（Functional Reactive Programming）带入到Objective-C中的开源库。
RACSignal
RAC中的核心是Signal，对应的类是RACSignal。它代表一个信号，Signal会给它的订阅者（Subscriber）发送一连串的数据，订阅者接到数据之后对这些数据进行处理。
RACSignal被订阅的过程如下：
RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:^RACDisposable * _Nullable(id<RACSubscriber> _Nonnull subscriber) {
[subscriber sendNext:@1];
[subscriber sendNext:@2];
[subscriber sendNext:@3];
[subscriber sendCompleted];
return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"signal disposable");
}];
}];
[signal subscribeNext:^(id _Nullable x) {
NSLog(@"value = %@",x);
} error:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"error = %@",error);
} completed:^{
NSLog(@"completed");
}];
- 调用RACSignal的
createSignal:方法创建一个signal - 调用RACSignal的
subscribeNext:方法，这个方法创建一个subscriber并调用subscribe:方法 -
subscribe:方法将subscriber传入didSubscribe的Block中 - 在didSubscribe中通过
[subscriber sendNext:]来执行next block
+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe {
return [RACDynamicSignal createSignal:didSubscribe];
}
+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe {
RACDynamicSignal *signal = [[self alloc] init];
signal->_didSubscribe = [didSubscribe copy];
return [signal setNameWithFormat:@"+createSignal:"];
}
RACSignal的createSignal:方法通过调用子类RACDynamicSignald createSignal:方法返回一个Signal，并保存didSubscribe这个block。
- (RACDisposable *)subscribeNext:(void (^)(id x))nextBlock error:(void (^)(NSError *error))errorBlock completed:(void (^)(void))completedBlock {
NSCParameterAssert(nextBlock != NULL);
NSCParameterAssert(errorBlock != NULL);
NSCParameterAssert(completedBlock != NULL);
RACSubscriber *o = [RACSubscriber subscriberWithNext:nextBlock error:errorBlock completed:completedBlock];
return [self subscribe:o];
}
+ (instancetype)subscriberWithNext:(void (^)(id x))next error:(void (^)(NSError *error))error completed:(void (^)(void))completed {
RACSubscriber *subscriber = [[self alloc] init];
subscriber->_next = [next copy];
subscriber->_error = [error copy];
subscriber->_completed = [completed copy];
return subscriber;
}
subscribeNext:方法首先创建一个subscriber，并把next,error,completed三个block保存到subscriber中。接着调用RACDynamicSignal的subscribe:方法。
- (RACDisposable *)subscribe:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber {
NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil);
RACCompoundDisposable *disposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];
subscriber = [[RACPassthroughSubscriber alloc] initWithSubscriber:subscriber signal:self disposable:disposable];
if (self.didSubscribe != NULL) {
RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{
RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber);
[disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable];
}];
[disposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable];
}
return disposable;
}
在subscribe:方法中执行保存在Signal中的didSubscribe，传入参数subscriber。
- (void)sendNext:(id)value {
@synchronized (self) {
void (^nextBlock)(id) = [self.next copy];
if (nextBlock == nil) return;
nextBlock(value);
}
}
在didSubscribe中，传入的subscriber调用sendNext:方法执行保存在subscriber中的nextBlock。
通过上面的代码，可以发现ReactiveCocoa是通过block实现的订阅过程。signal中保存了didSubscribe，subscriber中保存了nextBlock，errorBlock，completedBlock。didSubscribe的参数为一个subscriber，在block中，传入的subscriber调用sendNext:，sendError:，sendCompleted方法执行保存在subscriber中的block。didSubscribe的执行在signal的subscribe:方法中，而RAC将subscriber的初始化和subscribe:的调用放在subscribeNext:之中。
按照上面的订阅过程，可以发现信号只有在被订阅的时候才会发送信号值，并且每订阅一次，didSubscribe就会被执行一次。这种信号称为冷信号。既然有冷信号，那么也有热信号，冷热信号的区别是：
-
热信号是主动的，尽管你并没有订阅事件，但是它会时刻推送，就像鼠标移动；而冷信号是被动的，只有当你订阅的时候，它才会发布消息。
-
热信号可以有多个订阅者，是一对多，集合可以与订阅者共享信息；而冷信号只能一对一，当有不同的订阅者，消息是重新完整发送。
RACSubject
在RAC中，冷信号基本都是RACSignal及其子类，而热信号则是RACSubject及其子类。
@interface RACSubject<ValueType> : RACSignal<ValueType> <RACSubscriber>
RACSubject继承RACSignal，并且遵守RACSubscriber协议，这说明既可以发送信号，也可以订阅信号。
RACSubject的使用如下：
RACSubject *subject = [RACSubject subject];
[subject subscribeNext:^(id x) {
NSLog(@"subscribe %@ ", x);
}];
[subject sendNext:@1];
[subject sendNext:@2];
接下来看一下RACSubject与RACSignal有什么不同
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self == nil) return nil;
_disposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];
_subscribers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:1];
return self;
}
可以看到RACSubject有一个subscribers数组
- (RACDisposable *)subscribe:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber {
NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil);
RACCompoundDisposable *disposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];
subscriber = [[RACPassthroughSubscriber alloc] initWithSubscriber:subscriber signal:self disposable:disposable];
NSMutableArray *subscribers = self.subscribers;
@synchronized (subscribers) {
[subscribers addObject:subscriber];
}
[disposable addDisposable:[RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{
@synchronized (subscribers) {
// Since newer subscribers are generally shorter-lived, search
// starting from the end of the list.
NSUInteger index = [subscribers indexOfObjectWithOptions:NSEnumerationReverse passingTest:^ BOOL (id<RACSubscriber> obj, NSUInteger index, BOOL *stop) {
return obj == subscriber;
}];
if (index != NSNotFound) [subscribers removeObjectAtIndex:index];
}
}]];
return disposable;
}
通过subscribe:方法可以发现，subject的每次订阅都是将subscriber加到subscribers数组中。
- (void)sendNext:(id)value {
[self enumerateSubscribersUsingBlock:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {
[subscriber sendNext:value];
}];
}
从sendNext:的实现可以看出，每次RACSubject对象sendNext，都会对其中保留的subscribers进行sendNext，执行subscriber保存的nextBlock。
RACSubject满足热信号的特点，它即使没有subscriber，因为自己继承了RACSubscriber协议，所以自己本身就可以发送信号。由于RACSubject将subscriber保存到数组中，所以可以给多个subscriber发送消息，并且subscriber只能接收到订阅之后发送的消息，订阅之前已经发出的消息则无法收到。
RACSubject有一个子类RACReplaySubject，RACReplaySubject相对于RACSubject增加了一个数组用来保存发送过的数据，当有新的订阅时，会重发之前发送的数据。
- (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)capacity {
self = [super init];
_capacity = capacity;
_valuesReceived = (capacity == RACReplaySubjectUnlimitedCapacity ? [NSMutableArray array] : [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:capacity]);
return self;
}
- (RACDisposable *)subscribe:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber {
RACCompoundDisposable *compoundDisposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable];
RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{
@synchronized (self) {
for (id value in self.valuesReceived) {
if (compoundDisposable.disposed) return;
[subscriber sendNext:(value == RACTupleNil.tupleNil ? nil : value)];
}
if (compoundDisposable.disposed) return;
if (self.hasCompleted) {
[subscriber sendCompleted];
} else if (self.hasError) {
[subscriber sendError:self.error];
} else {
RACDisposable *subscriptionDisposable = [super subscribe:subscriber];
[compoundDisposable addDisposable:subscriptionDisposable];
}
}
}];
[compoundDisposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable];
return compoundDisposable;
}
冷信号转化为热信号
由于RACSignal是冷信号，那么在用于网络请求或者是数据计算的时候，如果有多次订阅导致多次执行didSubscribe会发生重复请求以及数据错误。为了避免这种情况，可以使用RACMulticastConnection将冷信号转化为热信号。
RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal:^RACDisposable * _Nullable(id<RACSubscriber> _Nonnull subscriber) {
[subscriber sendNext:@1];
[subscriber sendNext:@2];
[subscriber sendNext:@3];
[subscriber sendCompleted];
return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"signal disposable");
}];
}];
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [signal multicast:[RACSubject subject]];
[connection.signal subscribeNext:^(id _Nullable x) {
NSLog(@"value = %@",x);
} error:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"error = %@",error);
} completed:^{
NSLog(@"completed");
}];
[connection connect];
对一个Signal进行multicast之后，我们是对connection.signal进行订阅而不是原来的signal。为什么connection.signal是热信号，我们看一下。
- (RACMulticastConnection *)multicast:(RACSubject *)subject {
[subject setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -multicast: %@", self.name, subject.name];
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [[RACMulticastConnection alloc] initWithSourceSignal:self subject:subject];
return connection;
}
- (instancetype)initWithSourceSignal:(RACSignal *)source subject:(RACSubject *)subject {
NSCParameterAssert(source != nil);
NSCParameterAssert(subject != nil);
self = [super init];
_sourceSignal = source;
_serialDisposable = [[RACSerialDisposable alloc] init];
_signal = subject;
return self;
}
通过RACMulticastConnection的初始化方法可以看出，RACMulticastConnection将原signal和传入的RACSubject保存，connection的signal实际是传入的RACSubject。
- (RACDisposable *)connect {
BOOL shouldConnect = OSAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier(0, 1, &_hasConnected);
if (shouldConnect) {
self.serialDisposable.disposable = [self.sourceSignal subscribe:_signal];
}
return self.serialDisposable;
}
[self.sourceSignal subscribe:_signal]会执行self.sourceSignal的didSubscribe这个block，并且将_signal当做订阅者。_signal在didSubscribe中会sendNext，这里的这个signal就是[RACSubject subject]。可以看出，一旦进入到这个didSubscribe中，后续的操作都是对这个[RACReplaySubject subject]进行的，与原来的sourceSignal彻底无关了。只有调用connect时，才执行sourceSignal的didSubscribe。这样我们不管订阅多少次connection.signal，只要connect只调用一次，那么didSubscribe也就只会执行一次。
- (RACSignal *)autoconnect {
__block volatile int32_t subscriberCount = 0;
return [[RACSignal
createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) {
OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier(&subscriberCount);
RACDisposable *subscriptionDisposable = [self.signal subscribe:subscriber];
RACDisposable *connectionDisposable = [self connect];
return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{
[subscriptionDisposable dispose];
if (OSAtomicDecrement32Barrier(&subscriberCount) == 0) {
[connectionDisposable dispose];
}
}];
}]
setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -autoconnect", self.signal.name];
}
autoconnect通过订阅self.signal生成的信号，允许我们在第一次订阅connection.signal的时候自动调用connect。
除了multicast:方法，还有publish，replay，replayLast，replayLazily方法
- (RACMulticastConnection *)publish {
RACSubject *subject = [[RACSubject subject] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -publish", self.name];
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [self multicast:subject];
return connection;
}
publish方法只不过是去调用了multicast:方法，publish内部会新建好一个RACSubject，并把它当成入参传递给RACMulticastConnection。
- (RACSignal *)replay {
RACReplaySubject *subject = [[RACReplaySubject subject] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -replay", self.name];
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [self multicast:subject];
[connection connect];
return connection.signal;
}
replay在创建RACMulticastConnection之后马上调用了connect方法，所以使用了RACReplaySubject，因为它会保存发送过的消息，当订阅之后依然会收到之前发送的消息，如果使用RACSubject会收不到消息。
- (RACSignal *)replayLast {
RACReplaySubject *subject = [[RACReplaySubject replaySubjectWithCapacity:1] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -replayLast", self.name];
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [self multicast:subject];
[connection connect];
return connection.signal;
}
replayLast和replay的实现基本一样，不同的是replayLast将Capacity值设为1，意味着只保留最新的值。
- (RACSignal *)replayLazily {
RACMulticastConnection *connection = [self multicast:[RACReplaySubject subject]];
return [[RACSignal
defer:^{
[connection connect];
return connection.signal;
}]
setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -replayLazily", self.name];
}
replayLazily将connect放在了defer中，当订阅信号的时候它才会被调用，如果含有和时间有关的操作，想要延迟执行，就可以用replayLazily。
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