今日导读
地图炮、地域黑、或者地域歧视，几乎已经成为了大家习以为常的现象。任意一条热点的下面，都可能会看到不同省份、地区的网友们相互攻击。每个地方都被打上了一些特定的标签，“XX 人都 XX”，不管你来自哪里，这一杆大炮总有办法打着你。然而这些标签很多时候只是人们的固有偏见。地域歧视的本质就是歧视的一种，它不礼貌也不体面，是对某一地域的一种妖魔化的态度。今天《经济学人》的这篇新闻，就关注了中国的地域歧视现象，让我们跟着毛西老师一起来看一看。
新闻原文
Many Chinese suffer discrimination based on their regional origin
The Economist
Urban Chinese are often contemptuous of internal migrants, wherever they are from. But people from certain regions suffer higher than usual levels of negative stereotyping. Regional discrimination “is hard to see and touch” yet its impact is as painful as getting “a bloodied face”, said an academic quoted by a north-eastern newspaper.
People from Henan and the north-eastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning are among those most commonly targeted, partly because those areas are such big sources of migrants. Henan is a farming province of about 100m people. The latest census, in 2010, showed that 7.5% of Henanese were living outside their home province, the second-highest proportion of any province. The highest was Anhui, on Henan’s eastern border.
Egregious examples of regional stereotyping occasionally cause outcry. In 2017, an internet conglomerate known for its food-delivery app admitted to excluding applicants from certain regions for an open position. The company later apologised. After the incident, many locals and some sympathisers elsewhere vowed to show their displeasure by deleting the mobile app of the firm.
Some lawyers say a legal loophole is partly to blame. China’s employment law prohibits discrimination on grounds of ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, social background and health. Regional origin, however, is not mentioned. Some legal scholars and legislators have called for a wider law that would prohibit all kinds of unfair discrimination, including the region-based sort.
带着问题听讲解
新闻使用的是 stereotype 的哪种词性？
ground 在新闻中是什么含义？
法律学者和立法者发出了怎样的呼吁？
新闻正文
Many Chinese suffer discrimination based on their regional origin
许多中国人因所属地域受到歧视
Urban Chinese are often contemptuous of internal migrants, wherever they are from. But people from certain regions suffer higher than usual levels of negative stereotyping. Regional discrimination “is hard to see and touch” yet its impact is as painful as getting “a bloodied face”, said an academic quoted by a north-eastern newspaper.
中国的城里人经常瞧不起外地人，无论这些外地人来自哪里。而来自特定地区的人们，更是承受了超过一般程度的负面成见。东北的一家报纸引用过一位学者的话，他说地域歧视“看不见摸不着”，但是它造成的影响和令人碰得“头破血流”一样难堪。
People from Henan and the north-eastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning are among those most commonly targeted, partly because those areas are such big sources of migrants. Henan is a farming province of about 100m people. The latest census, in 2010, showed that 7.5% of Henanese were living outside their home province, the second-highest proportion of any province. The highest was Anhui, on Henan’s eastern border.
在最常被攻击的群体中，首当其冲的是河南人以及东北三省（黑龙江、吉林和辽宁）的人民。此现象的部分原因，在于大量的外来人口来自这些地区。河南是一个有着约 1 亿人口的农业大省。2010 年，最近的一次人口普查显示，7.5%的河南人居住在外省，这个比例在所有省份中位列第二。比例最高的是与河南东部接壤的安徽省。
Egregious examples of regional stereotyping occasionally cause outcry. In 2017, an internet conglomerate known for its food-delivery app admitted to excluding applicants from certain regions for an open position. The company later apologised. After the incident, many locals and some sympathiserselsewhere vowed to show their displeasure by deleting the mobile app of the firm.
恶性的地域偏见案例偶尔会引发强烈抗议。2017 年，一家因外卖 app 而知名的互联网企业集团承认，在招聘时不予考虑来自特定地区的申请者。该公司之后为此致歉。事件发生后，许多当地人和不少其他地区支持他们的人删掉手机上该公司的 app，誓要以此表达愤慨。
Some lawyers say a legal loopholeis partly to blame. China’s employment law prohibits discrimination on grounds of ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, social background and health. Regional origin, however, is not mentioned. Some legal scholars and legislators have called for a wider law that would prohibit all kinds of unfair discrimination, including the region-based sort.
一些律师表示，某种程度上这应该归咎于一个法律漏洞。中国的劳动法禁止以民族、性别、宗教信仰、残疾、社会地位和健康为由的歧视。然而地域来源却没有被提及。一些法律学者和立法者已经开始呼吁出台一条涵盖范围更广的法律，来禁止所有形式的不公平歧视，其中包括基于地域的这类歧视。
重点词汇
contemptuous
/kənˈtemptʃuəs/
adj. 轻蔑的，鄙视的
英文释义：feeling or showing that you have no respect for somebody/something
例句：She gave him a contemptuous look.
搭配短语：contemptuous of sb./sth.
migrant
/ˈmaɪɡrənt/
n. 移民
英文释义：a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work
stereotype
/ˈsteriətaɪp/
v. 对…形成模式化的看法；（尤指）对…有成见
例句：British advertising stereotypes women.
词性拓展：stereotype (n.)
census
/ˈsensəs/
n.（官方的）调查，统计；（尤指）人口普查
例句：She was stopped in her car for a traffic census.
egregious
/ɪˈɡriːdʒiəs/
adj.（错误等）极其严重的，极坏的；令人震惊的
英文释义：outstandingly bad, or shocking
搭配短语：egregious abuses of copyright
outcry
/ˈaʊtkraɪ/
n. 呐喊，疾呼；强烈抗议
搭配短语：an outcry of passion
搭配短语：outcry over/against sth.
conglomerate
/kənˈɡlɑːmərət/
n. 联合大企业，企业集团
搭配短语：a media conglomerate
open position
空缺职位
英文释义：a job that is available
sympathiser
/ˈsɪmpəθaɪzər/
n. 支持者，信奉者
词性拓展：sympathise (v.)
英文释义：a person who supports or approves of sb./sth., especially a political cause or party
loophole
/ˈluːphoʊl/
n.（协议或法律的）漏洞，破绽
相关词汇：hole
例句：They exploited tax loopholes.
ground
/ɡraʊnd/
n. 原因，根据
例句：There are some grounds for optimism.
搭配短语：on grounds of
legislator
/ˈledʒɪsleɪtər/
n. 立法者，立法机关成员
词性拓展：legislate (v.)
legislate 例句：The government will legislateagainst discrimination.
call for
（公开）呼吁，要求
英文释义：to publicly ask for sth. to happen
补充词汇知识
discrimination
n. 歧视
regional
adj. 地区的
migrant
n. 移民
border
n. 边界
occasionally
adv. 偶尔
incident
n. （不愉快或不寻常的）事件
vow
v. 发誓
ethnicity
n. 民族
长难句解析
After the incident, many locals and some sympathisers elsewhere vowed to show their displeasure by deleting the mobile app of the firm.
事件发生后，许多当地人和不少其他地区支持他们的人删掉手机上该公司的 app，誓要以此表达愤慨。
本句中需要注意两个词。首先 local 为名词，表示“当地人”。其次，后面的 sympathiser 不能直接理解为“同情者”，在这里它表示“支持者、信奉者”，文中 sympathisers elsewhere 表示“来自其他地区的支持者”。
一句话总结新闻
本期《经济学人》讲述了中国的“地域黑”现象，作者认为一些特定地区的人们，承受的成见远超一般程度，而法律学者们也开始呼吁通过法律手段来禁止地域歧视。
拓展阅读
春秋战国时期的“地域黑”
你从来没读明白的守株待兔：
战国的时候，宋国有一个农夫，他看见一只兔子撞死在树桩上，自此就守在树边，盼着再得到一只撞死的兔子。后来就用“守株待兔”来比喻心存侥幸、妄想不劳而获，也比喻不知变通。
很多人都知道这个成语的含义，却忽略了在这个故事的开头，这个不知变通的人，他是个宋人。
宋人在春秋战国时期究竟有多招黑呢？
《列子》：有一个宋国人在冬天晒太阳，觉得非常舒服，就想把这个“享受秘方”献给国君，并非常自信他能够获得重赏；
《庄子》：有一个宋国人善于做衣帽，就带着帽子和衣服去越国贩卖，企图发财，结果越国人的习惯是剪短发、光膀子、纹身，全身是不穿衣帽的，因此这个宋人赔得很惨；
《韩非子》：有一个宋国人不听邻居劝告，没能及时地修补因为下雨而被浸坏的围墙，结果家里进了小偷，他反而怀疑小偷就是隔壁提建议的邻居。
这些我们熟悉的故事中，都隐隐约约暗含一个观点——“宋国人为愚人”。而“地域黑”这一现象，可以说是在 2000 多年前的春秋战国时期就开始初见端倪了。
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