1. 写在前面

今天要抓取的一个网站叫做 微医 网站，地址为 https://www.guahao.com ，我们将通过python3爬虫抓取这个网址，然后数据存储到CSV里面，为后面的一些分析类的教程做准备。本篇文章主要使用的库为 pyppeteer 和 pyquery

首先找到 医生列表页

Python资源共享群：484031800

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p5
</pre>

这个页面显示有 75952 条数据 ，实际测试中，翻页到第38页，数据就加载不出来了，目测后台程序猿没有把数据返回，不过为了学习，我们忍了。

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563607590097" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

2. 页面URL

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p1
https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p2
...
https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p38
</pre>

数据总过38页，量不是很大，咱只需要随便选择一个库抓取就行，这篇博客，我找了一个冷门的库

pyppeteer 在使用过程中，发现资料好少，很尴尬。而且官方的文档写的也不好，有兴趣的可以自行去看看。关于这个库的安装也在下面的网址中。

https://miyakogi.github.io/pyppeteer/index.html

最简单的使用方法，在官方文档中也简单的写了一下，如下，可以把一个网页直接保存为一张图片。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
browser = await launch() # 运行一个无头的浏览器
page = await browser.newPage() # 打开一个选项卡
await page.goto('http://www.baidu.com') # 加载一个页面
await page.screenshot({'path': 'baidu.png'}) # 把网页生成截图
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main()) # 异步
Python资源分享qun 784758214 ,内有安装包，PDF，学习视频，这里是Python学习者的聚集地，零基础，进阶，都欢迎
</pre>

我整理了下面的一些参考代码，你可以 做一些参考。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">browser = await launch(headless=False) # 可以打开浏览器
await page.click('#login_user') # 点击一个按钮
await page.type('#login_user', 'admin') # 输入内容
await page.click('#password')
await page.type('#password', '123456')
await page.click('#login-submit')
await page.waitForNavigation()

设置浏览器窗口大小

await page.setViewport({
'width': 1350,
'height': 850
})
content = await page.content() # 获取网页内容
cookies = await page.cookies() # 获取网页cookies
</pre>

3. 爬取页面

运行下面的代码，你就可以看到控制台不断的打印网页的源码，只要获取到源码，就可以进行后面的解析与保存数据了。如果出现控制不输出任何东西的情况，那么请把下面的

await launch(headless=True) 修改为 await launch(headless=False)

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
class DoctorSpider(object):
async def main(self, num):
try:
browser = await launch(headless=True)
page = await browser.newPage()
print(f"正在爬取第 {num} 页面")
await page.goto("https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p{}".format(num))
content = await page.content()
print(content)
except Exception as e:
print(e.args)
finally:
num += 1
await browser.close()
await self.main(num)
def run(self):
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(self.main(1))
if name == 'main':
doctor = DoctorSpider()
doctor.run()
</pre>

4. 解析数据

解析数据采用的是pyquery ，这个库在之前的博客中有过使用，直接应用到案例中即可。最终产生的数据通过 pandas 保存到CSV文件中。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launch
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
import pandas as pd # 保存csv文件
class DoctorSpider(object):
def init(self):
self._data = list()
async def main(self,num):
try:
browser = await launch(headless=True)
page = await browser.newPage()
print(f"正在爬取第 {num} 页面")
await page.goto("https://www.guahao.com/expert/all/全国/all/不限/p{}".format(num))
content = await page.content()
self.parse_html(content)
print("正在存储数据....")
data = pd.DataFrame(self._data)
data.to_csv("微医数据.csv", encoding='utf_8_sig')
except Exception as e:
print(e.args)
finally:
num+=1
await browser.close()
await self.main(num)
def parse_html(self,content):
doc = pq(content)
items = doc(".g-doctor-item").items()
for item in items:
#doctor_name = item.find(".seo-anchor-text").text()
name_level = item.find(".g-doc-baseinfo>dl>dt").text() # 姓名和级别
department = item.find(".g-doc-baseinfo>dl>dd>p:eq(0)").text() # 科室
address = item.find(".g-doc-baseinfo>dl>dd>p:eq(1)").text() # 医院地址
star = item.find(".star-count em").text() # 评分
inquisition = item.find(".star-count i").text() # 问诊量
expert_team = item.find(".expert-team").text() # 专家团队
service_price_img = item.find(".service-name:eq(0)>.fee").text()
service_price_video = item.find(".service-name:eq(1)>.fee").text()
one_data = {
"name": name_level.split(" ")[0],
"level": name_level.split(" ")[1],
"department": department,
"address": address,
"star": star,
"inquisition": inquisition,
"expert_team": expert_team,
"service_price_img": service_price_img,
"service_price_video": service_price_video
}
self._data.append(one_data)
def run(self):
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(self.main(1))
if name == 'main':
doctor = DoctorSpider()
doctor.run()
Python资源分享qun 784758214 ,内有安装包，PDF，学习视频，这里是Python学习者的聚集地，零基础，进阶，都欢迎
</pre>

总结一下，这个库不怎么好用，可能之前没有细细的研究过，感觉一般，你可以在多尝试一下，看一下是否可以把整体的效率提高上去。

数据清单：

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563607590122" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>