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[LeetCode By Go 108]438. Find Al

[LeetCode By Go 108]438. Find Al

作者: miltonsun | 来源:发表于2017-09-13 14:20 被阅读78次

    题目的通过率越来越低,题目越来越长,题意不好理解,边界问题,优化问题叠加,导致解题时间大大增加,对我的目标--快速复习一遍技术数据结构和算法阻碍很大啊!已经写了一百多道题了,是时候针对性的做一些题目了。目前打算从以下方面针对性的做一些题目:
    数据结构

    • 位操作
    • 数组
    • 链表
    • 二叉树
      算法
    • 暴力法
    • 贪心法
    • 动态规划
    • 背包问题
    • 装箱问题

    优先对链表,二叉树,动态规划这几个问题强化练习一下

    题目

    Given a string s and a non-empty string p, find all the start indices of p's anagrams in s.

    Strings consists of lowercase English letters only and the length of both strings s and p will not be larger than 20,100.

    The order of output does not matter.

    Example 1:

    Input:
    s: "cbaebabacd"
    p: "abc"
    Output:
    [0, 6]
    Explanation:
    The substring with start index = 0 is "cba", which is an anagram of "abc".
    The substring with start index = 6 is "bac", which is an anagram of "abc".

    Example 2:

    Input:
    s: "abab"
    p: "ab"
    Output:
    [0, 1, 2]
    Explanation:
    The substring with start index = 0 is "ab", which is an anagram of "ab".
    The substring with start index = 1 is "ba", which is an anagram of "ab".
    The substring with start index = 2 is "ab", which is an anagram of "ab".

    解题思路

    从s中找到所有p的anagrams的起始位置

    解法1

    比较粗暴的解法就是遍历s,从s中截取和p等长的子串s1,然后比较s1和p是否为anagrams。
    截取s1
    需要遍历s,每次截取和p等长的子串s1,时间复杂度O((n-p+1)p) = O(np)
    判断anagrams
    比较s1和p是否为anagrams就是比较各字符出现的次数是否相等,将s1各字符出现的次数放入map中,然后遍历p,如果p中字符在map中没有出现过,说明不是anagrams;如果出现过,则将map中改字符的值减1,最终判断map中各值是否都为0,如果有不为0的,说明不是anagrams,否则为anagrams。时间复杂度为O(p + p) = O(p)。
    总的时间复杂度为O(n*p2)
    这样的解法会导致超时

    解法2

    考虑到s1中有p-2个数是重叠的,可以在s1向后移的时候,增加后一个字符出现的次数,减少前一个字符出现的次数
    并且将p中的字符也放入pMap中,遇到sMap中出现的字符直接判断字符出现的个数,如果次数不等则不是anagrams,相等则将sMap中的对应值置为0.遍历后如果所有sMap中的值都为0,则为anagrams,否则不是anagrams。时间复杂度为O(1)
    总的时间复杂度为O(n)

    代码

    findAnagrams.go

    package _438_Find_All_Anagrams_in_a_String
    
    import "fmt"
    
    func FindAnagrams(s string, p string) []int {
        lenP := len(p)
        var ret []int
        lenS := len(s)
        if lenS < lenP {
            return []int{}
        }
    
        var charMap map[byte]int
        charMap = make(map[byte]int)
        for i := 0; i < lenP; i++ {
            charMap[p[i]]++
        }
    
        var sMap map[byte]int
        sMap = make(map[byte]int)
        for i := 0; i < lenP; i++ {
            sMap[s[i]]++
        }
    
        for i := 0; i < lenS - lenP + 1; i++ {
            fmt.Printf("%+v\n", s[i:i+lenP])
            isAnagrams := true
    
            var tmpMap map[byte]int
            tmpMap = make(map[byte]int)
            for k, v := range charMap {
                tmpMap[k] = v
            }
    
            if i > 0 {
                sMap[s[i+lenP-1]]++
                sMap[s[i-1]]--
            }
    
            for k, v := range sMap {
                if 0 == v {
                    continue
                }
                _, ok := tmpMap[k]
                if !ok {
                    isAnagrams = false
                    break
                }
                tmpMap[k] -= v
            }
            if isAnagrams {
                for _, v := range tmpMap {
                    if v > 0 {
                        isAnagrams = false
                        break
                    }
                }
            }
    
            if isAnagrams {
                ret = append(ret, i)
            }
        }
    
        return ret
    }
    

    测试

    findAnagrams_test.go

    package _438_Find_All_Anagrams_in_a_String
    
    import "testing"
    
    func equalSlice(s, p []int) bool {
        len1 := len(s)
        len2 := len(p)
        if len1 != len2 {
            return false
        }
    
        for i := 0; i < len1; i++ {
            if s[i] != p[i] {
                return false
            }
        }
    
        return true
    }
    
    func TestFindAnagrams(t *testing.T) {
        var tests = []struct{
            s string
            p string
            ret []int
        } {
            {"cbaebabacd", "abc", []int{0,6}},
            {"baa", "aa", []int{1}},
        }
    
        for _, v := range tests {
            ret := FindAnagrams(v.s, v.p)
            if equalSlice(ret, v.ret) {
                t.Logf("pass")
            } else {
                t.Errorf("fail, want %+v, get %+v", v.ret, ret)
            }
        }
    }
    

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