Spring Boot中@RabbitListener注解使用R

1. 新建一个SpringBoot项目
2. pom.xml中引入如下依赖内容

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.7</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3. 在application.properties中配置关于RabbitMQ的连接和用户信息，用户可以回到上面的安装内容，在管理页面中创建用户。

spring.application.name=rabbitmq-hello

spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=spring
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

4. 创建消息生产者Sender。

通过注入AmqpTemplate接口的实例来实现消息的发送，AmqpTemplate接口定义了一套针对AMQP协议的基础操作。在Spring Boot中会根据配置来注入其具体实现。在该生产者，我们会产生一个字符串，并发送到名为hello的队列中。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class Sender {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send() {
        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend ("hello", new Persion("zhangsn"+i,new Date()));
        }
    }
}

5. 创建消息消费者Receiver。

通过@RabbitListener注解定义该类对hello队列的监听，并用@RabbitHandler注解来指定对消息的处理方法。所以，该消费者实现了对hello队列的消费，消费操作为输出消息的字符串内容。

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Receiver2 {

    @RabbitHandler
    @RabbitListener(queues = "hello",containerFactory="rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void process(Persion msg){
        System.out.println("Receiver2: "+msg.toString());
    }
}

6. 创建RabbitMQ的配置类RabbitConfig

用来配置队列、交换器、路由等高级信息。这里我们以入门为主，先以最小化的配置来定义，以完成一个基本的生产和消费过程。

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue helloQueue() {
        return new Queue("hello");
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        template.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
        return template;
    }

    @Bean
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        return rabbitAdmin;
    }
}

7. 添加测试控制器

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private  Sender sender;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String addGuess(){
        sender.send();
        return "ok";
    }
}

8. 创建应用主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableRabbit
public class RabbitmqApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqApplication.class, args);
    }
}

9. 运行项目，测试消息队列

注意

定义多个消费者关注同一个队列，消息会被随即进行分配，一个消息被消费后，不会被另一个消费者再次消费

源码托管地址
git@git.dev.tencent.com:douguohai/studyproject.git

中的rabbitmq1