As we have seen, much of the wealth of the US is concentrated in just a few people. 10% of its population had an estimated 75% of the wealth in 2015. In this chart we see some comparisons with other countries. In contrast to the US, 10% of Japan's population had less than half of the total wealth. In China, in 2014, the estimated share of the top 10% was 64%, but this number is rising. Russia had the highest concentration of wealth, at over 80%! India, which has one of the largest economies, has the largest share of the world's poorest people. The share of wealth of its richest 10% is 370 times that of its poorest 10%.
正如我们所知晓的，美国的大部分财富集中在少数人手中。据估计，2015年该国10%的人口拥有75%的财富。在这张图表中，我们和其他国家作了一些对比。与美国相比，日本10%的人口拥有的财富不到总财富的一半。在中国，2014年最富有的10%人口拥有的财富估计为64%，但这个数字还在上升。俄罗斯的财富最集中，超过80%！印度是世界上最大的经济体之一，也是世界上最贫困人口占比最多的国家。最富有的10%的人所拥有的财富是最贫困的10%的370倍。
A major challenge for a government is to improve the living conditions of its citizens. As we have seen, growing an economy isn't enough. Population growth and distribution of wealth are also important factors. Improving education and developing job skills can help people move up in an economy. With better education and training, the poor can increase their ability to get better jobs and raise their income.
政府面临的主要挑战是改善公民的生活条件。正如我们所知晓的，只有经济增长是不够的，人口增长和财富分配也是重要因素。改善教育，发展工作技能可以帮助人们获得经济水平的提升。通过更好的教育和培训，穷人可以增强能力，从而获得更好的工作，增加收入。
However, taxes are needed to pay for social services, including health and education. Some countries tax the rich at a higher rate than the poor. However, if taxes are too high, it can discourage investment and risk taking. This is because investors won't take risks unless the rewards are high. So, as you can see, these are complex issues.
不过，还需要税收来支付社会服务，包括医疗和教育。有些国家对富人的征税比穷人高。然而，如果税收过高，就会阻碍投资和风险承担。除非回报很高，否则投资者是不会冒险的。所以，正如你所看到的，这些问题都很复杂。
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