[WPF] 利用hook捕获键盘输入

为建立中文知识库加块砖　　　　　　　　——中科大胡不归

0. 前言

当你的程序需要一个全局的快捷键时，可以考虑使用键盘钩子，如大家常用 win10 的截图快捷键，那么在 WPF 里怎么去实现呢?
当然不是直接在 Window 窗体里面去注册 KeyDown、KeyUp，这样只有在程序是焦点的情况下才能触发。
使用hook机制，可以实现在非焦点下去获取到键盘的事件。

1. Win32Helper.cs代码

    public class Win32Helper
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     声明回调函数委托
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="nCode"></param>
        /// <param name="wParam"></param>
        /// <param name="lParam"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public delegate int HookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        public const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;

        public const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;

        public const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;

        public const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;

        public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;

        //安装钩子的函数 
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId);

        //卸下钩子的函数 
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);

        //下一个钩挂的函数 
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "mciSendString", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern int MciSendString(string lpstrCommand, string lpstrReturnString, int uReturnLength,
            int hwndCallback);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] //声明键盘钩子的封送结构类型
        public class KeyboardHookStruct
        {
            public int vkCode; //表示一个在1到254间的虚似键盘码   
            public int scanCode; //表示硬件扫描码   
            public int flags;
            public int time;
            public int dwExtraInfo;
        }
    }

2. KeyboardHook.cs代码

    public class KeyboardHook
    {
        public delegate void KeyDownEvent(Key key);

        public delegate void KeyUpEvent(Key key);

        /// <summary>
        ///     键盘钩子句柄
        /// </summary>
        private int _hKeyboardHook;

        private Win32Helper.HookProc _keyboardHookDelegate;

        private KeyDownEvent _onKeyDown;
        private KeyUpEvent _onKeyUp;

        /// <summary>
        ///     安装键盘钩子
        /// </summary>
        public void SetHook()
        {
            _keyboardHookDelegate = KeyboardHookProc;
            var cModule = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule;
            if (null == cModule) return;
            var moduleHandle = Win32Helper.GetModuleHandle(cModule.ModuleName);
            _hKeyboardHook =
                Win32Helper.SetWindowsHookEx(Win32Helper.WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _keyboardHookDelegate, moduleHandle, 0);
        }

        public void SetOnKeyDownEvent(KeyDownEvent callback)
        {
            _onKeyDown = callback;
        }

        public void SetOnKeyUpEvent(KeyUpEvent callback)
        {
            _onKeyUp = callback;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     卸载键盘钩子
        /// </summary>
        public void UnHook()
        {
            var retKeyboard = true;

            if (_hKeyboardHook != 0)
            {
                retKeyboard = Win32Helper.UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hKeyboardHook);
                _hKeyboardHook = 0;
            }

            //如果卸下钩子失败   
            if (!retKeyboard) throw new Exception("卸下钩子失败！");
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///     获取键盘消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="nCode"></param>
        /// <param name="wParam"></param>
        /// <param name="lParam"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            // 如果该消息被丢弃 nCode<0
            if (nCode < 0) return Win32Helper.CallNextHookEx(_hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);

            var keyboardHookStruct =
                (Win32Helper.KeyboardHookStruct) Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Win32Helper.KeyboardHookStruct));
            var key = KeyInterop.KeyFromVirtualKey(keyboardHookStruct.vkCode);

            switch (wParam)
            {
                case Win32Helper.WM_KEYDOWN:
                case Win32Helper.WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
                    //WM_KEYDOWN和WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息，将会引发OnKeyDownEvent事件
                    // 此处触发键盘按下事件
                    _onKeyDown?.Invoke(key);
                    break;
                case Win32Helper.WM_KEYUP:
                case Win32Helper.WM_SYSKEYUP:
                    //WM_KEYUP和WM_SYSKEYUP消息，将引发OnKeyUpEvent事件
                    // 此处触发键盘抬起事件
                    _onKeyUp?.Invoke(key);
                    break;
            }

            return Win32Helper.CallNextHookEx(_hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }
    }

3. 在MainWindow.xmal.cs中使用

注册hook方法

            _keyboardHook = new KeyboardHook();
            _keyboardHook.SetHook();
            _keyboardHook.SetOnKeyDownEvent(Win32_Keydown);

注销hook方法

        protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs eventArgs)
        {
            .
            .
            .
            _keyboardHook.UnHook();
            .
            .
            .
            base.OnClosed(eventArgs);
        }

实现 _onKeyDown 代理事件

        private void Win32_Keydown(Key key)
        {
            switch (key)
            {
                case Key.Escape:
                {
                    ExitFullscreen();
                }
                    break;
            }
        }

参考文章：

1. WPF 利用键盘钩子来捕获键盘