mysql 语法

select * from emp;
注释#---------------------------#----命令行连接MySql---------
启动mysql服务器net start mysql
关闭 net stop mysql #进入mysql -h 主机地址 -u 用户名 －p 用户密码
退出exit
---------------------------#----MySql用户管理---------
修改密码:首先在DOS 下进入mysql安装路径的bin目录下，然后键入以下命令:mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password 456;
增加用户#格式:grant 权限 on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by '密码'/如，增加一个用户user1密码为password1，让其可以在本机上登录， 并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用以root用户连入mysql，然后键入以下命令： grant select,insert,update,delete on . to user1@localhost Identified by "password1"; 如果希望该用户能够在任何机器上登陆mysql，则将localhost改为"%"。 如果你不想user1有密码，可以再打一个命令将密码去掉。 grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb. to user1@localhost identified by ""; /
grant all privileges on wpj1105. to sunxiao@localhost identified by '123'; #all privileges 所有权限
----------------------------#-----MySql数据库操作基础-----
显示数据库show databases;
判断是否存在数据库wpj1105,有的话先删除drop database if exists wpj1105;
创建数据库create database wpj1105;
删除数据库drop database wpj1105;
使用该数据库use wpj1105;
显示数据库中的表show tables;
先判断表是否存在,存在先删除drop table if exists student;
创建表create table student(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(50),sex varchar(20),date varchar(50),content varchar(100))default charset=utf8;
删除表drop table student;
查看表的结构describe student; #可以简写为desc student;
插入数据insert into student values(null,'aa','男','1988-10-2','......');insert into student values(null,'bb','女','1889-03-6','......');insert into student values(null,'cc','男','1889-08-8','......');insert into student values(null,'dd','女','1889-12-8','......');insert into student values(null,'ee','女','1889-09-6','......');insert into student values(null,'ff','null','1889-09-6','......');#查询表中的数据select * from student;select id,name from student;
修改某一条数据update student set sex='男' where id=4;
删除数据delete from student where id=5;
and 且select * from student where date>'1988-1-2' and date<'1988-12-1';
or 或select * from student where date<'1988-11-2' or date>'1988-12-1'; #betweenselect * from student where date between '1988-1-2' and '1988-12-1';
in 查询制定集合内的数据select * from student where id in (1,3,5);
排序 asc 升序 desc 降序select * from student order by id asc;
分组查询 #聚合函数 select max(id),name,sex from student group by sex;
select min(date) from student;
select avg(id) as '求平均' from student;
select count() from student; #统计表中总数
select count(sex) from student; #统计表中性别总数 若有一条数据中sex为空的话,就不予以统计~
select sum(id) from student;
查询第i条以后到第j条的数据(不包括第i条)select * from student limit 2,5; #显示3-5条数据
巩固练习create table c( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10) not null, sex varchar(50) , #DEFAULT '男' , age int unsigned, #不能为负值(如为负值 则默认为0) sno int unique #不可重复);
drop table c;desc c;
insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'涛哥','男',68,1);insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'aa','男',68,2);insert into c (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'平平','男',35,3);...
select * from c;
修改数据 update c set age=66 where id=2;update c set name='花花',age=21,sex='女' where id=2delete from c where age=21;
常用查询语句select name,age ,id from cselect * from c where age>40 and age<60; #andselect * from c where age<40 or age<60; #orselect * from c where age between 40 and 60 #betweenselect * from c where age in (30,48,68,99); #in 查询指定集合内的数据select * from c order by age desc; order by （asc升序 des降序）
分组查询select name,max(age) from c group by sex; #按性别分组查年龄最大值#聚合函数select min(age) from c;select avg(age) as '平均年龄 ' from c;select count() from c; #统计表中数据总数select sum(age) from c;
修改表的名字#格式:alter table tbl_name rename to new_namealter table c rename to a; #表结构修改create table test(id int not null auto_increment primary key, #设定主键name varchar(20) not null default 'NoName', #设定默认值department_id int not null,position_id int not null,unique (department_id,position_id) #设定唯一值);
修改表的名字#格式:alter table tbl_name rename to new_namealter table test rename to test_rename;
向表中增加一个字段(列)#格式:alter table tablename add columnname type;/alter table tablename add(columnname type);alter table test add columnname varchar(20);
修改表中某个字段的名字alter table tablename change columnname newcolumnname type; #修改一个表的字段名alter table test change name uname varchar(50);
select * from test;
表position 增加列testalter table position add(test char(10));#表position 修改列testalter table position modify test char(20) not null;#表position 修改列test 默认值alter table position alter test set default 'system';#表position 去掉test 默认值alter table position alter test drop default;#表position 去掉列testalter table position drop column test;#表depart_pos 删除主键alter table depart_pos drop primary key;#表depart_pos 增加主键alter table depart_pos add primary key PK_depart_pos(department_id,position_id);
用文本方式将数据装入数据库表中（例如D:/mysql.txt）load data local infile "D:/mysql.txt" into table MYTABLE;
导入.sql文件命令（例如D:/mysql.sql）source d:/mysql.sql; #或者 /. d:/mysql.sql;