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ThreadLocal原理,自实现ThreadLocal,应用案

ThreadLocal原理,自实现ThreadLocal,应用案

作者: shuaidong | 来源:发表于2018-05-21 23:29 被阅读0次

    一、ThreadLocal介绍

    ThreadLocal是用来维护本线程的变量,为每一个线程分配一个只属于该线程的对象。并不能解决共享变量的并发问题.ThreadLocal是将各线程的值存入本线程的Map中,以ThreadLocal自身作为key,需要用时获取该线程之前存入的值。

    二、ThreadLocal内部设计

    类图关系uml图:


    image

    首先,来看一下ThreadLocal内部提供的几个方法

    /**
    *用来获取当前线程在threadLocal中保存的当前线程的变量副本
    */
    public T get() { }
    /**
    *用来设置当前线程的变量副本。将当前线程变量的副本设置到threadLocal中
    */
    public void set(T value) { }
    /**
    *用来移除当前线程在Threadlocal存储的变量副本
    */
    public void remove() { }
    /**
    *一般是用来在使用时进行重写的,它是一个延迟加载方法。给当前线程初始化一个初始值
    */
    protected T initialValue() { }
    
    /**
    * ThreadLocalMap 是ThreadLocal的核心
    * ThreadLocalMap这个类在ThreadLocal中定义,它被每一个线程所持有。每一个线程ThreadLocalMap的key存储的是ThreadLocal共享的对象,value存储的是线程变量的副本的值。
    */
    static class ThreadLocalMap
    
    

    下面看一下ThreadLocal类是如何为每个线程创建一个变量的副本的。

    1、首先看下get方法的实现

        public T get() {
           Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
           ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
           if (map != null) {
               ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
               if (e != null) {
                   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                   T result = (T)e.value;
                   return result;
               }
           }
           return setInitialValue();
       }
    

    首先获取当前线程对象t,然后通过getMap(t)获取每一个线程中持有的Map对象,这里的Map就是ThreadLocalMap对象。  然后接着获取下面的<key,value>键值对hreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);   <font color=red>这里key是this,也就是说TreadLocalMap中存储的key为ThreadLocal的实例对象,不是当前线程的t</font>。  如何获取成功,则直接返回结果。如果未获取成功则调用setInitialValue()设置初始值。

    对每一句进行仔细分析:

    (1)首先看一下getMap方法中做了什么:

     ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
          return t.threadLocals;
      }
    

    从上面getMap中调用当前线程t,返回当前线程t中的成员变量threadLocals。那么继续去Thread类中看一下这个成员变量.

     /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
       * by the ThreadLocal class. */
      ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
    

    说明了ThreadLocalMap是在ThreadLocal定义,被使用在Thread类中。
    再看一下ThreadLocalMap中的实现

      static class ThreadLocalMap {
    
          /**
           * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
           * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
           * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
           * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
           * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
           * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
           */
          static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
              /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
              Object value;
    
              Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                  super(k);
                  value = v;
              }
          }
    

    可以看到ThreadLocalMap中的Entry继承了WeakReference,并且WeakReference的key值类型是ThreadLocal

    (2) 然后看一下setInitialValue()方法
    首先得到一个null的初始值initialValue(),然后判断ThreadLocalMap是否为null,不为null就直接将初始值set到ThreadLocalMap中,否则为空就创建一个ThreadLocalMap并将值set到ThreadLocalMap中。
    到这里ThreadLocal为每个线程创建的变量副本设计的主要原理应该清楚了:

    首先每个Thread线程里面持有ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap成员变量,线程的副本变量就是存储在ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap中的,它以ThreadLocal实例为key,副本变量为value。
    初始时ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap为空 然后在调用get和set方法的时候进行ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap的初始化。
    然后在当前线程里面如果要使用副本,就调用TheadLocal的get方法在ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap中查找

    三、子线程获取父线程的属性用InheritableThreadLocal<T>

    上面的ThreadLocal获取父线程中的属性,是获取不到的。
    如果想要在子线程中获取到父线程中的属性,就需要用到InheritableThreadLocal<T>.下面看栗子

       public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
            final ThreadLocal<String> inheritableThreadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<String>();
            final ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<String>();
    
            inheritableThreadLocal.set("inheritableThreadLocal 父线程 ....");
            threadLocal.set("threadLoal父线程 。。。。");
            Thread inheritableThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(inheritableThreadLocal.get());
                    System.out.println(threadLocal.get());
                }
            });
    
            inheritableThread.start();
        }
       运行的结果:
       inheritableThreadLocal 父线程 ....
       null
    
    

    四、手写ThreadLocal

    package test;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    /**
     * @author td
     */
    public class MyThreadLocal<T> {
    
        private Map<Thread, T> container = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>());
    
        protected T initialValue() {
            return null;
        }
        private T initilization(Thread currentThread ) {
            T t = initialValue();
            container.put(currentThread, t);
            return t;
        }
    
        public T get() {
            Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
            T t = container.get(currentThread);
            if (t != null) {
                return t;
            }
            return initilization(currentThread);
        }
    
        public void remove() {
            Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
            if (this.container.containsKey(currentThread)) {
                this.container.remove(currentThread);
            }
        }
    
        public void set(T t) {
            Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
            this.container.put(currentThread, t);
        }
    }
    
    

    五、ThreadLocal应用案例

    使用ThreadLocal保存线程的上下文,获取每个线程中的用户信息

    public class ThreadContext {
    
        private static ThreadLocal<String> userResurece = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
        public static String getUser() {
            return userResurece.get();
        }
    
        public static void bindUser(String user) {
            userResurece.set(user);
        }
    
        public static String unbindUser() {
            String user = userResurece.get();
            userResurece.remove();
            return user;
        }
    }
    

    新建一个Filter,将每次请求的用户信息放到线程中去

    public class PerFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    
        @Override
        protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
            try {
                String user = ThreadContext.getUser();
                if (user == null) {
                    Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
                    Object object = authentication.getPrincipal();
    
                    if (object != null) {
                        UserEntity userEntity = (UserEntity) object;
                        String value  = org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils.randomAlphabetic(5);
                        System.out.println(userEntity.getUuid()+"----"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+ value);
                        ThreadContext.bindUser(userEntity.getUsername()+"----"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+value);
                    }else {
                        ThreadContext.bindUser("testtestUser");
                    }
                }
                filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
            } finally {
              //  ThreadContext.unbindUser();
            }
    
        }
    }
    

    在方法中获取当前用户信息

      private String getUser() {
           /* Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
            UserEntity userEntity = (UserEntity) authentication.getPrincipal();*/
           
           return ThreadContext.getUser();
        }
        
        运行结果:
        
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-4HFGrU
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-5zkHZG
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-6BIJvY
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-7uuljF
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-8gzRWf
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-9tDszn
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-10WDekP
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-1GYkoP
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-3oYOnk
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-4HFGrU
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-5zkHZG
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-6BIJvY
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-7uuljF
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-8gzRWf
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-9tDszn
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-1GYkoP
    zhangsan----http-nio-8080-exec-2hwdaU
        
    

    从上可以发现tomcat初始化线程池为10个,后面每次获取到的都相同。
    在原有的基础上增加一个子线程,在子线程中给不同的用户发送消息。使用inheritableThreadLocal

    //将ThreadLocal改为InheritableThreadLocal
     private static ThreadLocal<String> userResurece = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();
    
       public static String getUser() {
           return userResurece.get();
       }
    
       public static void bindUser(String user) {
           userResurece.set(user);
       }
    
       public static String unbindUser() {
           String user = userResurece.get();
           userResurece.remove();
           return user;
       }
     //在子线程中直接使用
      Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                   System.out.println(getUser());
    
               }
           });
           thread.start();
      
    

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