写了一段时间的vue，前端用了element-ui，经常会用到from表单，总结一下form表单的校验，以及遇到过的问题。
1、正常添加校验流程，在form表单加rule
2、只想对单个input校验
3、自定义校验（例如用正则校验手机号码、数字、url、中文等）
4、添加动态校验（可以根据需要显示校验或者改变校验规则）
5、遇到校验无效的问题
一：正常添加校验流程，在form表单加rule
1、在el-form里面添加:rules=“rules”
2、在el-form-item里面添加prop，prop对应:model="form"的form的属性
3、然后在data里面添加属性rules
4、在点击提交的按钮里面validate的校验
<el-form :model="form" :rules="rules" ref="form">
<el-form-item label="用户名称：" prop="username">
<el-input v-model="form.username" clearable :disabled="true"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
.....
</el-form>
data() {
return {
//在rules属性填写相关字段的校验规则
rules: {
username: [
{ required: true, message: "必填" },
{ min: 6, max: 18, message: '长度在 6 到 18 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
],
email:[{ type: 'email', message: '请输入正确的邮箱地址', trigger: 'change' }],
}
}
}
methods: {
onSubmit() {
this.$refs.form.validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
//调用接口保存
} else {
this.$message.error('请完善表单相关信息！');
return false;
}
});
},
//或者
onSubmit() {
if(!this.checkForm()){
this.$message.error('请完善表单相关信息！');
return;
}
//调用接口保存
},
// 表单校验
checkForm(){
// 1.校验必填项
let validForm = false;
this.$refs.form.validate(valid => {validForm = valid})
if(!validForm){
return false;
}
//其他的校验
/*if(){
return false;
}*/
return true;
}
}
二：对单个input校验
有时候并不想在form增加rules校验，只想对单个input增加校验,直接在el-form-item里面加rules
<el-form-item label="开始日期" :rules="{
required: true, message: '开始日期不能为空', trigger: 'blur' }">
<el-date-picker v-model="form.startTime" type="date" placeholder="开始日期">
<i slot="suffix" class="el-input__icon el-icon-date"></i>
</el-date-picker>
</el-form-item>
三：自定义校验（正则校验手机号码、数字、url、中文）
提供几个用正则表达式做的自定义校验规则demo
data() {
return {
//在rules属性填写相关字段的校验规则
rules: {
username: [
{ required: true, message: "必填" },
{ min: 6, max: 18, message: '长度在 6 到 18 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
],
email:[{ type: 'email', message: '请输入正确的邮箱地址', trigger: 'change' }],
//自定义校验
name:[
{ required: true, message: '请输入姓名', trigger: 'blur' },
{ validator:function(rule,value,callback){
//校验中文的正则：/^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{0,}$/
if(/^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{0,}$/.test(value) == false){
callback(new Error("请输入中文"));
}else{
//校验通过
callback();
}
}, trigger: 'blur'
},
],
phone:[
{ required: true, message: '请输入手机号码', trigger: 'blur' },
{ validator:function(rule,value,callback){
if(/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value) == false){
callback(new Error("请输入正确的手机号"));
}else{
callback();
}
}, trigger: 'blur'
},
],
age:[
{ validator:function(rule,value,callback){
if(/^[0-9]*$/.test(value) == false){
callback(new Error("请输入正确的数字"));
}else{
callback();
}
}, trigger: 'blur'
},
],
url:[
{ validator:function(rule,value,callback){
if(/^http:\/\/([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]+(\/[\w-./?%&=]*)?$/.test(value) == false){
callback(new Error("请输入正确的Url"));
}else{
callback();
}
}, trigger: 'blur'
},
],
}
}
}
四：添加动态校验（可以根据需要显示校验或者改变校验规则）
遇到过一种，根据form表单的一个下拉列表的选项来判断某些字段是否校验，选了A,要校验几个字段必填，选了B又要校验其他几个字段必填，这时候表单的校验需要动态添加，这时候我们需要动态改变rules属性相关的校验即可
例如刚刚这种根据下拉列表的选项来动态触发校验的，那么在el-select里面加@change事件，每次下拉列表改变就触发事件来改变form表单的校验规则
<el-select v-model="value" placeholder="请选择" @change="resetValidate">
data() {
return {
//在rules属性填写相关字段的校验规则
rules: {
phone: [{ required: true, message: "必填" }],
email:[{ required: true, message: "必填" }],
}
}
},
methods: {
//改变状态时动态重置校验规则
resetValidate(){
if(this.form.status== 1){
//重置rules的phone、email的属性值，只校验手机，不校验邮箱
this.rules.phone= [{ required: true, message: "必填" }];
this.rules.email= [];
}else{
//只校验邮箱，不校验手机
this.rules.phone= [];
this.rules.email= [{ required: true, message: "必填" }];
}
this.$refs.form.clearValidate();
},
}
五：validator用法
validator验证器，可以对格式进行复杂限制，
跟rule一样需要设置对应表单项的prop属性，然后绑定validator，validator绑定验证规则变量（注意验证规则变量是处在data的return外面）。
data() {
//rule表示要验证的规则,value表示输入值,callback回调
var checkEmail = (rule, value, callback) => {
let mailReg = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/;
if (!value) { //如果输入为空直接返回
callback();
} else {
//如果字符串 string 中含有与 RegExpObject 匹配的文本，则返回 true，否则返回 false。
if (mailReg.test(value)) { //匹配成功返回
callback();
} else { //匹配不成功返回错误显示
callback(new Error("邮箱格式:xx@xx.xx，只含数字、大小写字母、下划线、横杠"));
}
}
};
var checkPhone = (rule,value,callback) =>{
let phoneReg = /^1[3|4|5|7|8][0-9]{9}$/
if(!value){
callback()
}else{
if(phoneReg.test(value)){
callback()
}else{
callback(new Error("电话格式:13、14、15、17、18开头+9位阿拉伯数字"))
}
}
}
return {
isEdit: false,
user: {},
tempUser: {},
rules: {
userName: [
{ required: true, message: "请输入昵称", trigger: "blur" },
// { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
],
account: [
// { required: true, message: "请输入账户", trigger: "blur" },
// { min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
],
userEmail: [
{ validator: checkEmail, trigger: "blur" },
],
phone: [
{ validator: checkPhone,trigger: "blur" },
],
},
};
},
在方法中判断验证器是否全部通过:
// valid在全部validator通过才会返回true，否则为false
this.$refs.userForm.validate((valid) => {
if (!valid) {
this.message("warning", "请修改正确的数据格式！");
return;
} else {
//验证通过调用保存接口
}
六：遇到校验无效的问题
有一次遇到一个校验无效的问题，from表单其他字段校验都有效，就是有一个el-date-picker的校验一直没有效果，检查发现在el-form-item里面添加prop，prop对应:model="form"的form的属性并不是当前form里面的属性值.，所以这个el-date-picker没有触发校验
<el-form :model="form" :rules="rules" ref="form">
<el-form-item label="用户名称：" prop="username">
<el-input v-model="form.username" clearable :disabled="true"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
.....
</el-form>
// 1.里面的el-input绑定的username必须是:model="form"的form里面的属性
// 2.并且el-form-item的prop=username，才会校验生效，否则在element-ui会没有校验效果
七：案例
<el-form
ref="formInline"
:model="formInline"
:rules="ruleInline"
class=""
:label-position="labelPosition"
label-width="120px"
>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item prop="trackNo" label="快递单号:" style="width: 280px">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.trackNo"
placeholder="请输入快递单号"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="trackNoD"
size="small"
@input="changeHandle"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item label="运单号:" prop="transportOrderCode">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.transportOrderCode"
placeholder="请输入运单号"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item label="赔付类型:" prop="claimTypeId">
<el-select
ref="refType"
v-model="formInline.claimTypeId"
clearable
style="width: 150px"
size="small"
placeholder="请选择赔付类型"
:disabled="showHidden"
@change="selectType"
>
<el-option
v-for="item in compentType"
:key="item.code"
:label="item.name"
:value="item.code"
/>
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item label="收件人:" style="width: 280px">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.receiveName"
maxlength="30"
placeholder="请输入收件人"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item label="收件人手机:" style="width: 280px" prop="receiveMobile">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.receiveMobile"
placeholder="请输入收件人手机"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item label="收件地址:" style="width: 280px">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.receiveAddr"
maxlength="255"
placeholder="请输入收件地址"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item label="所在区县:" style="width: 280px" prop="areaId">
<el-cascader
ref="unitAreacode"
v-model="formInline.areaId"
expand-trigger="hover"
filterable
props-check-strictly="true"
clearable
size="small"
placeholder="请选择省份-请选择城市-请选择区县"
:options="area"
:props="{ value: 'areaId',label:'areaName', children:'subs'}"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
@change="handleChange"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item label="快递商:" style="width: 280px">
<el-select
v-model="formInline.supplierCode"
clearable
style="width: 150px"
size="small"
:disabled="showHidden"
placeholder="请选择快递商"
>
<el-option
v-for="item in supplier"
:key="item.supplierCode"
:label="item.supplierName"
:value="item.supplierCode"
/>
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item prop="claimName" label="责任人:">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.claimName"
placeholder="请输入责任人"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px" prop="claimMoney">
<el-form-item prop="claimMoney" label="赔付金额:">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.claimMoney"
placeholder="请输入赔付金额"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
@input="testinput"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item prop="receiverName" label="赔付对象:">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.receiverName"
placeholder="请输入赔付对象"
style="width: 150px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item prop="remark" label="问题描述:">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.remark"
type="textarea"
:autosize="{minRows:5,maxRows:10}"
placeholder="请输入问题描述"
style="width: 300px"
:disabled="showHidden"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item label="赔付依据:" prop="claimEvidence">
<el-input
v-model="formInline.claimEvidence"
type="textarea"
:autosize="{minRows: 5,maxRows:10}"
placeholder="请输入赔付依据"
style="width: 300px"
:disabled="showHidden"
size="small"
/>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem">
<el-form-item prop="uploadList" label="预览图片:" style="">
<!-- :file-list="formInline.claimPics"-->
<!-- :file-list="formInline.claimPics"-->
<el-upload
class="upload"
:class="{hide:hideUploadEdit}"
:disabled="showHidden"
action="#"
:auto-upload="false"
list-type="picture-card"
multiple
:limit="9"
:file-list="formInline.fileList"
:headers="importHeaders"
:accept="acceptFileType"
:on-change="onChangeFj"
:on-exceed="handleExceed"
:on-preview="handlePreview"
:before-remove="beforeRemove"
:on-remove="handleRemove"
:before-upload="beforeAvatarUpload"
>
<i class="el-icon-plus" style="font-size: 28px"></i>
</el-upload>
<el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible" size="tiny" append-to-body>
<img width="100%" height="100%" :src="dialogImageUrl" alt="">
</el-dialog>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
<div class="f-r-fs-1">
<div class="formItem" style="width: 280px">
<el-form-item label="赔付状态:">
<el-select
ref="refStatus"
v-model="formInline.claimStatus"
clearable
style="width: 150px"
size="small"
:disabled="showHidden"
placeholder="请输入赔付状态"
@change="changeSelect"
>
<!-- <el-option value="0" label="定责中" />-->
<!-- <el-option value="1" label="驳回定责" />-->
<!-- <el-option value="2" label="确认赔付" />-->
<el-option
v-for="item in claimStatusList"
:key="item.value"
:label="item.label"
:value="item.value"
/>
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
</div>
</div>
</el-form>
ruleInline : {
claimTypeId: [{ required: true, message: '赔付类型必选', trigger: 'change' }],
trackNo: [{ required: true, message: '订单号必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
areaId: [{ type: 'array', required: true, message: '所在区县必填', trigger: 'change' }],
receiveMobile: [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().Tels, trigger: 'blur' }],
claimMoney: [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().moneyAmount, required: true, trigger: 'blur' }],
claimName: [],
receiverName: [],
claimEvidence: [],
remark: []
// claimName: [{ required: true, message: '责任人必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// receiverName: [{ required: true, message: '赔付对象必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// claimEvidence: [{ required: true, message: '赔付依据必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// remark: [{ required: true, message: '问题描述必填', trigger: 'blur' }]
}
// 赔付类型
changeSelect(e) {
this.claimStatusName = this.$refs.refStatus.$slots.default[e].child.label
if (e === '2') {
this.ruleInline.claimTypeId = [{ required: true, message: '赔付类型必选', trigger: 'change' }],
this.ruleInline.trackNo = [{ required: true, message: '订单号必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.areaId = [{ type: 'array', required: true, message: '所在区县必填', trigger: 'change' }],
this.ruleInline.receiveMobile = [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().Tels, trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.claimMoney = [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().money, required: true, trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.claimName = [{ required: true, message: '责任人必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.receiverName = [{ required: true, message: '赔付对象必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.claimEvidence = [{ required: true, message: '赔付依据必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
this.ruleInline.remark =[{ required: true, message: '问题描述必填', trigger: 'blur' }]
// this.ruleInline = {
// claimTypeId: [{ required: true, message: '赔付类型必选', trigger: 'change' }],
// trackNo: [{ required: true, message: '订单号必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// areaId: [{ type: 'array', required: true, message: '所在区县必填', trigger: 'change' }],
// receiveMobile: [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().Tels, trigger: 'blur' }],
// claimMoney: [{ validator: Format.FormValidate.Form().money, required: true, trigger: 'blur' }],
//
// claimName: [{ required: true, message: '责任人必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// receiverName: [{ required: true, message: '赔付对象必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// claimEvidence: [{ required: true, message: '赔付依据必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// remark: [{ required: true, message: '问题描述必填', trigger: 'blur' }]
// }
} else {
this.ruleInline.claimName = []
this.ruleInline.claimMoney = []
this.ruleInline.receiverName = []
this.ruleInline.claimEvidence = []
this.ruleInline.remark = []
}
this.$refs.formInline.clearValidate()
},
案例二：
data() {
const vm = this
var checkMoney = (rule, value, callback) => {
debugger
if (value >= vm.formInline.deductionAmount) {
callback(new Error('应追回金额小于等于赔付金额'))
} else {
// 校验通过
callback()
}
}
return {
// 退款状态
refundedStatusType: [
{
code: 'YZH',
name: '已追回'
}, {
code: 'DZH',
name: '待追回'
}
],
// 对其方式
labelPosition: 'right',
// 定义一个IsShow来接收传递过来的值
IsShow: this.modal,
formInline: {
fkClaimId: null,
// 主键Id
pkCancelClaimId: null,
// 运单号
trackNo: null,
// 快递商
supplierCode: null,
// 责任人
personLiable: null,
// 已赔付金额
claimAmount: null,
deductionAmount: null,
// 待退款金额
beforeRefundedAmount: null,
// 退款金额
refundedAmount: null,
// 撤销原因
cancelReason: null,
// 退款状态
refundedStatus: null
},
ruleInline: {
refundedStatus: [{ required: true, message: '追回状态必选', trigger: 'change' }],
cancelReason: [{ required: true, message: '撤销原因必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// deductionAmount 赔付金额 追回金额，必须必赔付金额小或等于
beforeRefundedAmount: [
{ required: true, message: '应追回金额必填', trigger: 'blur' },
{ validator: checkMoney, trigger: 'blur' }
/* { validator: function(rule, value, callback) {
debugger
console.log(rule, value)
// 校验中文的正则：/^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{0,}$/
console.log(this.formInline.beforeRefundedAmount)
console.log(this.formInline.deductionAmount)
if (value <= this.formInline.deductionAmount) {
callback(new Error('应追回金额应该小于等于赔付金额'))
} else {
// 校验通过
callback()
}
}, trigger: 'blur'
}*/
],
refundedAmount: [{ required: true, message: '应退款金额必填', trigger: 'blur' }]
}
}
},
const vm = this
var checkMoney = (rule, value, callback) => {
debugger
if (value <= vm.formInline.deductionAmount) {
// 校验通过
callback()
} else {
callback(new Error('应追回金额小于等于赔付金额'))
}
}
var refundedMoney = (rule, value, callback) => {
debugger
if (value <= vm.formInline.beforeRefundedAmount) {
// 校验通过
callback()
} else {
callback(new Error('追回金额小于等于应追回金额'))
}
}
ruleInline: {
refundedStatus: [{ required: true, message: '追回状态必选', trigger: 'change' }],
cancelReason: [{ required: true, message: '撤销原因必填', trigger: 'blur' }],
// deductionAmount 赔付金额 追回金额，必须必赔付金额小或等于
beforeRefundedAmount: [
{ required: true, message: '应追回金额必填', trigger: 'blur' },
{ validator: checkMoney, trigger: 'blur' }
],
refundedAmount: [{ required: true, message: '应退款金额必填', trigger: 'blur' },
{ validator: refundedMoney, trigger: 'blur' }]
}
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