以太坊原理分析系列1---区块block数据结构

一、概述

跟比特币不一样的是以太坊没有沿用UTXO模型，改成了账户概念，每个block维护着一个世界账户的状态

image.png

以太坊主要的数据结构如下图，跟比特币一样，block的数据包括header和body，header包括主要的一写hash值，如上一个区块的hash值，body就包括交易数据，叔块数据。以太坊还有一个stateDB管理的着账户状态、交易状态和收据信息状态

data storage layers in Ethereum

二、数据结构UML图

区块数据结构图

block uml

state数据结构图

image.png

三、代码

// Block represents an entire block in the Ethereum blockchain.
type Block struct {
    header       *Header  //区块头
    uncles       []*Header //叔块
    transactions Transactions  //区块打包的一批交易数据

    // caches
    hash atomic.Value
    size atomic.Value

    // Td is used by package core to store the total difficulty
    // of the chain up to and including the block.
    td *big.Int  //总难度值

    // These fields are used by package eth to track
    // inter-peer block relay.
    ReceivedAt   time.Time
    ReceivedFrom interface{}
}

// Header represents a block header in the Ethereum blockchain.
type Header struct {
    //父区块hash值
    ParentHash  common.Hash    `json:"parentHash"       gencodec:"required"`
   //    
    UncleHash   common.Hash    `json:"sha3Uncles"       gencodec:"required"`
    Coinbase    common.Address `json:"miner"            gencodec:"required"`
    Root        common.Hash    `json:"stateRoot"        gencodec:"required"`
    TxHash      common.Hash    `json:"transactionsRoot" gencodec:"required"`
    ReceiptHash common.Hash    `json:"receiptsRoot"     gencodec:"required"`
    Bloom       Bloom          `json:"logsBloom"        gencodec:"required"`
    Difficulty  *big.Int       `json:"difficulty"       gencodec:"required"`
    Number      *big.Int       `json:"number"           gencodec:"required"`
    GasLimit    uint64         `json:"gasLimit"         gencodec:"required"`
    GasUsed     uint64         `json:"gasUsed"          gencodec:"required"`
    Time        *big.Int       `json:"timestamp"        gencodec:"required"`
    Extra       []byte         `json:"extraData"        gencodec:"required"`
    MixDigest   common.Hash    `json:"mixHash"          gencodec:"required"`
    Nonce       BlockNonce     `json:"nonce"            gencodec:"required"`
}

// Account is the Ethereum consensus representation of accounts.
// These objects are stored in the main account trie.
type Account struct {
    Nonce    uint64
    Balance  *big.Int
    Root     common.Hash // merkle root of the storage trie
    CodeHash []byte
}

// stateObject represents an Ethereum account which is being modified.
//
// The usage pattern is as follows:
// First you need to obtain a state object.
// Account values can be accessed and modified through the object.
// Finally, call CommitTrie to write the modified storage trie into a database.
type stateObject struct {
    address  common.Address
    addrHash common.Hash // hash of ethereum address of the account
    data     Account
    db       *StateDB

    // DB error.
    // State objects are used by the consensus core and VM which are
    // unable to deal with database-level errors. Any error that occurs
    // during a database read is memoized here and will eventually be returned
    // by StateDB.Commit.
    dbErr error

    // Write caches.
    trie Trie // storage trie, which becomes non-nil on first access
    code Code // contract bytecode, which gets set when code is loaded

    cachedStorage Storage // Storage entry cache to avoid duplicate reads
    dirtyStorage  Storage // Storage entries that need to be flushed to disk

    // Cache flags.
    // When an object is marked suicided it will be delete from the trie
    // during the "update" phase of the state transition.
    dirtyCode bool // true if the code was updated
    suicided  bool
    touched   bool
    deleted   bool
    onDirty   func(addr common.Address) // Callback method to mark a state object newly dirty
}

stateObject代表最小粒度的状态，它是一个账户的状态信息。

type Transaction struct {
    data txdata
    // caches
    hash atomic.Value
    size atomic.Value
    from atomic.Value
}

type txdata struct {
    AccountNonce uint64          `json:"nonce"    gencodec:"required"`
    Price        *big.Int        `json:"gasPrice" gencodec:"required"`
    GasLimit     uint64          `json:"gas"      gencodec:"required"`
    Recipient    *common.Address `json:"to"       rlp:"nil"` // nil means contract creation
    Amount       *big.Int        `json:"value"    gencodec:"required"`
    Payload      []byte          `json:"input"    gencodec:"required"`

    // Signature values
    V *big.Int `json:"v" gencodec:"required"`
    R *big.Int `json:"r" gencodec:"required"`
    S *big.Int `json:"s" gencodec:"required"`

    // This is only used when marshaling to JSON.
    Hash *common.Hash `json:"hash" rlp:"-"`
}

参考：
以太坊数据结构、存储、区块头的关系与分析