美文网首页区块链教程
兄弟连区块链教程以太坊源码分析core-state源码分析(一)

兄弟连区块链教程以太坊源码分析core-state源码分析(一)

作者: ab6973df9221 | 来源:发表于2018-10-22 17:08 被阅读9次

  兄弟连区块链教程以太坊源码分析core-state源码分析,core/state 包主要为以太坊的state trie提供了一层缓存层(cache)

- database主要提供了trie树的抽象,提供trie树的缓存和合约代码长度的缓存。

- journal主要提供了操作日志,以及操作回滚的功能。

- state_object是account对象的抽象,提供了账户的一些功能。

- statedb主要是提供了state trie的部分功能。

## database.go

database.go 提供了一个数据库的抽象。

数据结构

    // Database wraps access to tries and contract code.

    type Database interface {

        // Accessing tries:

        // OpenTrie opens the main account trie.

        // OpenStorageTrie opens the storage trie of an account.

// OpenTrie 打开了主账号的trie树

// OpenStorageTrie 打开了一个账号的storage trie

        OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error)

        OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error)

        // Accessing contract code:

// 访问合约代码

        ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)

// 访问合约的大小。 这个方法可能经常被调用。因为有缓存。

        ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)

        // CopyTrie returns an independent copy of the given trie.

// CopyTrie 返回了一个指定trie的独立的copy

        CopyTrie(Trie) Trie

    }

    // NewDatabase creates a backing store for state. The returned database is safe for

    // concurrent use and retains cached trie nodes in memory.

    func NewDatabase(db ethdb.Database) Database {

        csc, _ := lru.New(codeSizeCacheSize)

        return &cachingDB{db: db, codeSizeCache: csc}

    }

    type cachingDB struct {

        db ethdb.Database

        mu sync.Mutex

pastTries []*trie.SecureTrie //trie树的缓存

codeSizeCache *lru.Cache         //合约代码大小的缓存

    }

OpenTrie,从缓存里面查找。如果找到了返回缓存的trie的copy, 否则重新构建一颗树返回。

    func (db *cachingDB) OpenTrie(root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {

        db.mu.Lock()

        defer db.mu.Unlock()

        for i := len(db.pastTries) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {

            if db.pastTries[i].Hash() == root {

                return cachedTrie{db.pastTries[i].Copy(), db}, nil

            }

        }

        tr, err := trie.NewSecure(root, db.db, MaxTrieCacheGen)

        if err != nil {

            return nil, err

        }

        return cachedTrie{tr, db}, nil

    }

    func (db *cachingDB) OpenStorageTrie(addrHash, root common.Hash) (Trie, error) {

        return trie.NewSecure(root, db.db, 0)

    }

ContractCode 和 ContractCodeSize, ContractCodeSize有缓存。

    func (db *cachingDB) ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {

        code, err := db.db.Get(codeHash[:])

        if err == nil {

            db.codeSizeCache.Add(codeHash, len(code))

        }

        return code, err

    }

    func (db *cachingDB) ContractCodeSize(addrHash, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error) {

        if cached, ok := db.codeSizeCache.Get(codeHash); ok {

            return cached.(int), nil

        }

        code, err := db.ContractCode(addrHash, codeHash)

        if err == nil {

            db.codeSizeCache.Add(codeHash, len(code))

        }

        return len(code), err

    }

cachedTrie的结构和commit方法,commit的时候会调用pushTrie方法把之前的Trie树缓存起来。

    // cachedTrie inserts its trie into a cachingDB on commit.

    type cachedTrie struct {

        *trie.SecureTrie

        db *cachingDB

    }

    func (m cachedTrie) CommitTo(dbw trie.DatabaseWriter) (common.Hash, error) {

        root, err := m.SecureTrie.CommitTo(dbw)

        if err == nil {

            m.db.pushTrie(m.SecureTrie)

        }

        return root, err

    }

    func (db *cachingDB) pushTrie(t *trie.SecureTrie) {

        db.mu.Lock()

        defer db.mu.Unlock()

        if len(db.pastTries) >= maxPastTries {

            copy(db.pastTries, db.pastTries[1:])

            db.pastTries[len(db.pastTries)-1] = t

        } else {

            db.pastTries = append(db.pastTries, t)

        }

    }

## journal.go

journal代表了操作日志, 并针对各种操作的日志提供了对应的回滚功能。 可以基于这个日志来做一些事务类型的操作。

类型定义,定义了journalEntry这个接口,提供了undo的功能。 journal 就是journalEntry的列表。

    type journalEntry interface {

        undo(*StateDB)

    }

    type journal []journalEntry

各种不同的日志类型以及undo方法。

createObjectChange struct { //创建对象的日志。 undo方法就是从StateDB中删除创建的对象。

        account *common.Address

    }

    func (ch createObjectChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        delete(s.stateObjects, *ch.account)

        delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, *ch.account)

    }

// 对于stateObject的修改, undo方法就是把值改为原来的对象。

    resetObjectChange struct {

        prev *stateObject

    }

    func (ch resetObjectChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.setStateObject(ch.prev)

    }

// 自杀的更改。自杀应该是删除账号,但是如果没有commit的化,对象还没有从stateDB删除。

    suicideChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        prev bool // whether account had already suicided

        prevbalance *big.Int

    }

    func (ch suicideChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        obj := s.getStateObject(*ch.account)

        if obj != nil {

            obj.suicided = ch.prev

            obj.setBalance(ch.prevbalance)

        }

    }

    // Changes to individual accounts.

    balanceChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        prev *big.Int

    }

    nonceChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        prev uint64

    }

    storageChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        key, prevalue common.Hash

    }

    codeChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        prevcode, prevhash []byte

    }

    func (ch balanceChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setBalance(ch.prev)

    }

    func (ch nonceChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setNonce(ch.prev)

    }

    func (ch codeChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setCode(common.BytesToHash(ch.prevhash), ch.prevcode)

    }

    func (ch storageChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.getStateObject(*ch.account).setState(ch.key, ch.prevalue)

    }

// 我理解是DAO事件的退款处理

    refundChange struct {

        prev *big.Int

    }

    func (ch refundChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        s.refund = ch.prev

    }

// 增加了日志的修改

    addLogChange struct {

        txhash common.Hash

    }

    func (ch addLogChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        logs := s.logs[ch.txhash]

        if len(logs) == 1 {

            delete(s.logs, ch.txhash)

        } else {

            s.logs[ch.txhash] = logs[:len(logs)-1]

        }

        s.logSize--

    }

// 这个是增加 VM看到的 SHA3的 原始byte[], 增加SHA3 hash -> byte[] 的对应关系

    addPreimageChange struct {

        hash common.Hash

    }

    func (ch addPreimageChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        delete(s.preimages, ch.hash)

    }

    touchChange struct {

        account *common.Address

        prev bool

        prevDirty bool

    }

    var ripemd = common.HexToAddress("0000000000000000000000000000000000000003")

    func (ch touchChange) undo(s *StateDB) {

        if !ch.prev && *ch.account != ripemd {

            s.getStateObject(*ch.account).touched = ch.prev

            if !ch.prevDirty {

                delete(s.stateObjectsDirty, *ch.account)

            }

        }

    }

## state_object.go

stateObject表示正在修改的以太坊帐户。

数据结构

    type Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash

    // stateObject represents an Ethereum account which is being modified.

// stateObject表示正在修改的以太坊帐户。

    // The usage pattern is as follows:

    // First you need to obtain a state object.

    // Account values can be accessed and modified through the object.

    // Finally, call CommitTrie to write the modified storage trie into a database.

使用模式如下:

首先你需要获得一个state_object。

帐户值可以通过对象访问和修改。

最后,调用CommitTrie将修改后的存储trie写入数据库。

    type stateObject struct {

        address common.Address

addrHash common.Hash // hash of ethereum address of the account 以太坊账号地址的hash值

data Account // 这个是实际的以太坊账号的信息

db *StateDB //状态数据库

        // DB error.

        // State objects are used by the consensus core and VM which are

        // unable to deal with database-level errors. Any error that occurs

        // during a database read is memoized here and will eventually be returned

        // by StateDB.Commit.

        //

数据库错误。

stateObject会被共识算法的核心和VM使用,在这些代码内部无法处理数据库级别的错误。

在数据库读取期间发生的任何错误都会在这里被存储,最终将由StateDB.Commit返回。

        dbErr error

// Write caches. 写缓存

trie Trie // storage trie, which becomes non-nil on first access 用户的存储trie ,在第一次访问的时候变得非空

code Code // contract bytecode, which gets set when code is loaded 合约代码,当代码被加载的时候被设置

cachedStorage Storage // Storage entry cache to avoid duplicate reads 用户存储对象的缓存,用来避免重复读

dirtyStorage Storage // Storage entries that need to be flushed to disk 需要刷入磁盘的用户存储对象

// Cache flags. Cache 标志

        // When an object is marked suicided it will be delete from the trie

        // during the "update" phase of the state transition.

// 当一个对象被标记为自杀时,它将在状态转换的“更新”阶段期间从树中删除。

dirtyCode bool // true if the code was updated 如果代码被更新,会设置为true

        suicided bool

        touched bool

        deleted bool

onDirty func(addr common.Address) // Callback method to mark a state object newly dirty 第一次被设置为drity的时候会被调用。

    }

    // Account is the Ethereum consensus representation of accounts.

    // These objects are stored in the main account trie.

// 帐户是以太坊共识表示的帐户。 这些对象存储在main account trie。

    type Account struct {

        Nonce uint64

        Balance *big.Int

        Root common.Hash // merkle root of the storage trie

        CodeHash []byte

    }

构造函数

    // newObject creates a state object.

    func newObject(db *StateDB, address common.Address, data Account, onDirty func(addr common.Address)) *stateObject {

        if data.Balance == nil {

            data.Balance = new(big.Int)

        }

        if data.CodeHash == nil {

            data.CodeHash = emptyCodeHash

        }

        return &stateObject{

            db: db,

            address: address,

            addrHash: crypto.Keccak256Hash(address[:]),

            data: data,

            cachedStorage: make(Storage),

            dirtyStorage: make(Storage),

            onDirty: onDirty,

        }

    }

RLP的编码方式,只会编码 Account对象。

    // EncodeRLP implements rlp.Encoder.

    func (c *stateObject) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {

        return rlp.Encode(w, c.data)

    }

一些状态改变的函数。

    func (self *stateObject) markSuicided() {

        self.suicided = true

        if self.onDirty != nil {

            self.onDirty(self.Address())

            self.onDirty = nil

        }

    }

    func (c *stateObject) touch() {

        c.db.journal = append(c.db.journal, touchChange{

            account: &c.address,

            prev: c.touched,

            prevDirty: c.onDirty == nil,

        })

        if c.onDirty != nil {

            c.onDirty(c.Address())

            c.onDirty = nil

        }

        c.touched = true

    }

Storage的处理

// getTrie返回账户的Storage Trie

    func (c *stateObject) getTrie(db Database) Trie {

        if c.trie == nil {

            var err error

            c.trie, err = db.OpenStorageTrie(c.addrHash, c.data.Root)

            if err != nil {

                c.trie, _ = db.OpenStorageTrie(c.addrHash, common.Hash{})

                c.setError(fmt.Errorf("can't create storage trie: %v", err))

            }

        }

        return c.trie

    }

    // GetState returns a value in account storage.

// GetState 返回account storage 的一个值,这个值的类型是Hash类型。

// 说明account storage里面只能存储hash值?

// 如果缓存里面存在就从缓存里查找,否则从数据库里面查询。然后存储到缓存里面。

    func (self *stateObject) GetState(db Database, key common.Hash) common.Hash {

        value, exists := self.cachedStorage[key]

        if exists {

            return value

        }

        // Load from DB in case it is missing.

        enc, err := self.getTrie(db).TryGet(key[:])

        if err != nil {

            self.setError(err)

            return common.Hash{}

        }

        if len(enc) > 0 {

            _, content, _, err := rlp.Split(enc)

            if err != nil {

                self.setError(err)

            }

            value.SetBytes(content)

        }

        if (value != common.Hash{}) {

            self.cachedStorage[key] = value

        }

        return value

    }

    // SetState updates a value in account storage.

// 往 account storeage 里面设置一个值 key value 的类型都是Hash类型。

    func (self *stateObject) SetState(db Database, key, value common.Hash) {

        self.db.journal = append(self.db.journal, storageChange{

            account: &self.address,

            key: key,

            prevalue: self.GetState(db, key),

        })

        self.setState(key, value)

    }

    func (self *stateObject) setState(key, value common.Hash) {

        self.cachedStorage[key] = value

        self.dirtyStorage[key] = value

        if self.onDirty != nil {

            self.onDirty(self.Address())

            self.onDirty = nil

        }

    }

提交 Commit

    // CommitTrie the storage trie of the object to dwb.

    // This updates the trie root.

// 步骤,首先打开,然后修改,然后提交或者回滚

    func (self *stateObject) CommitTrie(db Database, dbw trie.DatabaseWriter) error {

self.updateTrie(db) // updateTrie把修改过的缓存写入Trie树

        if self.dbErr != nil {

            return self.dbErr

        }

        root, err := self.trie.CommitTo(dbw)

        if err == nil {

            self.data.Root = root

        }

        return err

    }

    // updateTrie writes cached storage modifications into the object's storage trie.

    func (self *stateObject) updateTrie(db Database) Trie {

        tr := self.getTrie(db)

        for key, value := range self.dirtyStorage {

            delete(self.dirtyStorage, key)

            if (value == common.Hash{}) {

                self.setError(tr.TryDelete(key[:]))

                continue

            }

            // Encoding []byte cannot fail, ok to ignore the error.

            v, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(bytes.TrimLeft(value[:], "\x00"))

            self.setError(tr.TryUpdate(key[:], v))

        }

        return tr

    }

    // UpdateRoot sets the trie root to the current root hash of

// 把账号的root设置为当前的trie树的跟。

    func (self *stateObject) updateRoot(db Database) {

        self.updateTrie(db)

        self.data.Root = self.trie.Hash()

    }

额外的一些功能 ,deepCopy提供了state_object的深拷贝。

    func (self *stateObject) deepCopy(db *StateDB, onDirty func(addr common.Address)) *stateObject {

        stateObject := newObject(db, self.address, self.data, onDirty)

        if self.trie != nil {

            stateObject.trie = db.db.CopyTrie(self.trie)

        }

        stateObject.code = self.code

        stateObject.dirtyStorage = self.dirtyStorage.Copy()

        stateObject.cachedStorage = self.dirtyStorage.Copy()

        stateObject.suicided = self.suicided

        stateObject.dirtyCode = self.dirtyCode

        stateObject.deleted = self.deleted

        return stateObject

    }

未完待续......感谢继续关注兄弟连区块链教程分享

相关文章

网友评论

    本文标题:兄弟连区块链教程以太坊源码分析core-state源码分析(一)

    本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/vnigzftx.html