文在寅访华

The humanistic link between China and Korea: Confucian culture
      中韩人文纽带：儒家文化

In light of historical developments and the mutual exchanges conducted between China and South Korea in the past, the cultures of both countries appear to be deeply connected. In particular, Confucianism, a fundamental pillar of the Chinese traditional culture, has also had great impact on the culture of South Korea.

鉴于(In light of)历史的发展和中韩之间过去的交流，两国的文化似乎有着深厚的联系(be deeply connected 动词改名词)。尤其是作为(, 此处注意的是插入语可以用中文“作为……”来翻译，不突兀a fundamental pillar of the Chinese traditional culture, )中国传统文化基础支柱的儒家思想，也对韩国文化产生了重大影响。

The influence of Confucian culture can be seen all throughout South Korea. During the early Han Dynasty, the culture of Confucianism, the Confucian classics, and the Chinese characters used to write these classics spread to the Korean Peninsula. Since then, Confucian culture has influenced the country’s social development through legislation and education.

儒家文化对韩国的影响贯穿古今(throughout  贯彻很好，因为这个词语有贯穿时间空间的意思，十分贴切)。汉代初年，儒家文化、儒家经典和用于书写这些经典作品(classics)的汉字(characters)传播到朝鲜半岛。此后(Since then 从那时起)，通过立法和教育，儒家文化开始影响韩国的社会发展。

At the end of Koryo period, Zhu Xi Science was introduced to the country and became greatly lauded by Korean intellectuals at the time. After the establishment of the Chosun Dynasty, Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi Science was designated as the official school of thought and maintained that status for over 500 years. To this day, South Korea continues to preserve Confucian culture, and most of its citizens still approve of Confucian ethics and morality in daily life.

高丽时代(Koryo period 注:918-1392年)末期，朱熹理学(Zhu Xi Science )传入(was introduced to  被动改主动)韩国，在当时受到韩国知识分子(intellectuals)的高度重视(lauded by 受称赞)。朝鲜王朝成立后，以朱熹理学为代表的儒家思想被指定(designated)为官方学派(school of thought  学派思想)，这一地位持续了(maintained that status 中文的句式读起来比较通顺，假如翻译成维持了500多年的地位有点别扭，换成这一地位持续了比较好)500多年。时至今日(To this day太妙了，我从来只会说到今天，时至今日多棒啊)，儒家文化在韩国得以存续(preserve  得以＋动词，比较顺溜)，大部分韩国人( its citizens 它的居民就是韩国人)在日常生活中依然奉行(approve of此处不能翻译为同意，灵活翻译)儒家伦理和道德(ethics and morality)。

Both China and South Korea are guided by Confucianism, and Chinese characters are an important product of Confucian culture. Prior to creating their own characters, the people of what is now South Korea mainly depended on ancient Chinese characters in sorting out documents and recording their history.

中韩两国都以儒家思想为(are guided by被动句用“以……为”很顺溜)指导，汉字是儒家文化的重要产物(an important product)。在创造自己的文字之前，韩国先民(the people of what is now South Korea )在整理(sorting out )文件和记录历史时主要依靠古代汉字。

It was not until 1443, when Joseon Sejong created "Hangul", that South Korea began using its own language and character system. Even so, ancient Chinese characters were still used by nobles and in formal books during the Chosun Dynasty. Furthermore, in the modern Korean language, over one third of its characters are Chinese characters. Present day South Koreans even have the habit of adopting names in Chinese characters and many of them are proud of being able to read and write Chinese characters.

直到 1443 年，朝鲜世宗(Joseon Sejong )创造了“韩语”(Hangul)，韩国才开始使用自己的语言和文字系统。即使如此(Even so)，在朝鲜王朝时期，古代汉字仍被贵族和正式书籍(nobles and in formal books)所使用。此外，在现代韩语中，超过三分之一的字符是汉字。如今，韩国人甚至有用汉字命名(adopting names)的习惯，许多人都以能读写汉字而感到自豪。

Other influence of Chinese culture on South Korea can be seen in architecture, literature, religion and governance.

中国文化对韩国的其他影响可以从建筑、文学、宗教和管理中窥见(be seen in 窥见十分妙)。

Korean wooden-frame architecture was introduced from China during the Han dynasty and has continued to the modern era. Other Chinese concepts to influence Korean architecture include yin and yang, the five elements, Chinese geomancy, Taoism and Confucianism.

韩国木结构建筑是汉朝时期从中国引进的，一直延续到现代。其他影响韩国建筑的中国观念包括阴阳、五行(the five elements)、风水(Chinese geomancy)、道儒思想(Taoism and Confucianism.)。

The majority of literature produced in the Korean peninsula before the twentieth century was written in Classical Chinese. Extant Korean poetry in Chinese goes back to the Koguryŏ period. Later, under Unified Silla and Koryŏ, poetic and prose compositions continued to closely follow forms originating in China and characteristic of the Six Dynasties period.

二十世纪以前，在朝鲜半岛上(时间和地点放前面)创作的大部分文学作品(The majority of literature )都是用文言文(Classical Chinese  经典中文就是文言文啊)写成的。韩国现存(Extant)的汉语诗歌(poetry in Chinese)可追溯到高句(gou)丽时期(Koguryŏ period 民族政权)。后来，在统一新罗时期和高丽时期(Unified Silla and Koryŏ,)，诗歌和散文创作继续与源于中国、具有六朝特色(the Six Dynasties)的形式紧密相连。

All schools of Korean Buddhism have their roots in earlier Chinese innovations. While Korean monks training in China often played a critical part in some of these developments, China's size and its geographical position on the Silk Road allowed it to pioneer the majority of trends in East Asian Buddhism.

韩国佛教所有流派(All schools 此处翻译流派)都能在中国早期的创新中寻根(have their roots)。虽然韩国僧人(monks)在中国的学习训练在韩国佛教的发展中发挥了重要的作用，但中国的规模以及中国在丝绸之路上的地理位置使其能够(allowed it)开创东亚佛教的主流发展趋势(pioneer the majority of trends )。

Han Fei-tzu, an ancient Chinese philosopher once pointed out: “Amity between peoples holds the key to sound relations between states.” China and South Korea are quite close to each other in terms of geography, people-to-people exchanges, and cultural exchanges. Therefore, it is necessary for us to attach great importance to the Confucian culture represented by Chinese characters, so as to make effective communication the main imperative to help facilitate friendly exchanges between the two countries.

中国古代哲学家韩非子(Han Fei-tzu, )曾指出：“国之交在于民相亲(Amity between peoples holds the key to sound relations between states 人民间的友好是国家间友好关系的关键)。”中韩两国在地理、人文交流(people-to-people exchanges,)、文化交流等方面有着密切的关系。因此，我们有必要高度重视以汉字为代表的儒家文化，将有效交流作为当务之急(the main imperative)，促进两国之间友好交流。