中国东部濒临的大洋是（ ）
A． 大西洋 B． 印度洋 C． 太平洋 D． 北冰洋
中国与美国都濒临的大洋是（ ）
A.大西洋 B.印度洋
C.太平洋 D.北冰洋
从海陆位置看，中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋的西岸，是海陆兼备的国家；因此，中国东部濒临的大洋是太平洋．
the Pacific Ocean
UK [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃn]
US [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈoʊʃn]
太平洋 （狗行）
the Pacific
UK [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk]
US [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk]
太平洋战争；血战太平洋；太平洋；太平洋地区
China faces the Pacific on the east.
中国东临太平洋。
the Pacific coast 太平洋海岸
The Pacific is the largest ocean.
太平洋是最大的一个洋。
There are countless islands in the Pacific ocean.
太平洋里有无数个岛屿。
The river feeds/flows into the Pacific ocean.
这条河流入太平洋。
The Panama Canal joins the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
巴拿马运河把大西洋和太平洋连接起来了。
China's land and sea Location: Eastern Asia, the Pacific West Bank.
我国的海陆位置：亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸。
The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west.
美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
The Atlantic Ocean is half as large as the Pacific ocean.
大西洋只有太平洋的一半大。
It is well-known that the Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.
众所周知，大西洋仅有太平洋的一半大。
the Atlantic Ocean
UK [ði ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃn]
US [ði ətˈlæntɪk ˈoʊʃn]
大西洋
The Atlantic Ocean lies between Europe and America.
大西洋位于欧洲与美洲之间。
The Atlantic Ocean separates America from Europe.
大西洋把美洲和欧洲分隔开来。
It took Columbus more than two months to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布横渡大西洋花了二个多月。
It took them several days to cross the Atlantic ocean.
他们花了好几天的时间穿越大西洋。
五大洋分别是：太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋和南冰洋。
the Pacific Ocean
UK [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃn]
US [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈoʊʃn]
太平洋
the Atlantic Ocean
UK [ðə ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃn]
US [ðə ətˈlæntɪk ˈoʊʃn]
大西洋
the Indian Ocean
UK [ðiˈɪndiən ˈəʊʃn]
US [ðiˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃn]
印度洋
the Arctic Ocean
UK [ðə ˈɑːktɪk ˈəʊʃn]
US [ðə ˈɑːrktɪk ˈoʊʃn]
北冰洋
the Southern Ocean
UK [ˈsʌðən ˈəʊʃn]
US [ˈsʌðərn ˈoʊʃn]
南大洋；南洋
the Antarctic Ocean
UK [ænˈtɑːktɪk ˈəʊʃn
US [ænˈtɑːrktɪk ˈoʊʃn]
南冰洋
世界四大洋还是五大洋？
四大洋是地球上四片海洋（太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋）的总称。也泛指地球上所有的海洋。海洋面积为36100万平方公里，太平洋占49.8%，大西洋26%，印度洋20%，北冰洋4.2%。
世界海洋面积太平洋占将近一半，其他三大洋大西洋印度洋北冰洋占一半。
由于海洋学上发现南冰洋有重要的不同洋流，于是国际水文地理组织于2000年确定其为一个独立的大洋，成为五大洋中的第五大洋。但在学术界依旧有人认为依据大洋应有其对应的中洋脊而不承认南冰洋这一称谓。
太平洋: 渤海、黄海、东海和南海都是太平洋的边缘海。
The Yellow River flows into the Bohai sea.
黄河流进渤海。
flows into / drain into / empty into 流入
the Yellow Sea
UK [ðə ˈjeləʊ siː]
US [ðə ˈjeloʊ siː]
黄海
The Yellow Sea sits between the Korean peninsula and China.
黄海位于朝鲜半岛和中国之间。
长江流入东海。
The Yangtze River empties into the East China Sea.
empty into
UK [ˈempti ˈɪntə]
US [ˈempti ˈɪntə]
把（某容器）中之物全部倒进（另一容器）；流入…
the South China Sea
UK [ðə saʊθ ˈtʃaɪnə siː]
US [ðə saʊθ ˈtʃaɪnə siː]
南海
marginal sea
UK [ˈmɑːdʒɪnl siː]
US [ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl siː]
边缘海，领海
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of Eastern Asia.
南海是亚洲东部的一个边缘海。
七大洲分别是：
亚洲（全称亚细亚洲）（Asia）
欧洲（全称欧罗巴洲 ）（Europe）、
北美洲（全称北亚美利加洲）（North America）
南美洲（全称南亚美利加洲） （South America）
非洲（全称阿非利加洲）（Africa）
大洋洲（Oceania）
UK [ˌəʊsiˈɑːniə]
US [ˌoʊʃiˈɑːniə]
n.
大洋洲
南极洲（Antarctica）。
UK [æn'tɑ:ktɪkə]
US [æn'tɑ:rktɪkə]
n.
南极洲
https://www.whatarethe7continents.com/pacific-ocean/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/oceans/reference/pacific-ocean/
The Pacific Ocean, explained
The largest ocean on Earth is filled with mysteries, but also subject to great pressures like climate change, plastic pollution, and overfishing.
filled with
UK [fɪld wɪð]
US [fɪld wɪð]
充满 mysteries
UK [ˈmɪstəriz]
US [ˈmɪstəriz]
n.
神秘的事物
subject to
UK [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tu]
US [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tu]
v.
处于…中；使服从
climate change
UK [ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ]
US [ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ]
n.
气候变化
overfishing
UK [ˌəʊvəˈfɪʃɪŋ]
US [ˌoʊvərˈfɪʃɪŋ]
n.
捕捞过度
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth. It spans 60 million square miles from California to China, and in certain regions extends tens of thousands of feet below the surface of the water.
tens of thousands of feet 数万英尺
The largest and deepest 注意只用一个the （并列最高级的情况）
spans
UK [spænz]
US [spænz]
n.
持续时间；范围；包括的种类；(桥或拱的)墩距，跨距，跨度
extends
UK [ɪkˈstendz]
US [ɪkˈstendz]
v.
使伸长；扩大；扩展；延长；使延期；扩大…的范围(或影响)
extend的第三人称单数
v.
持续；贯穿；包括(广大地区)；涵盖(多项内容)；横跨；跨越
span的第三人称单数和复数
To get a sense of just how immense the Pacific Ocean is, you could put all of Earth's landmasses together, and the Pacific would still be larger.
The name Pacific is a version of pacify or peaceful. It was named by the explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 as he sailed through a calm patch of water on the ocean. Despite its name, the Pacific is a vast body of water teeming with activity. Much of the ocean is still waiting to be explored, but human activities like industrial fishing, deep-sea mining, and fossil-fuel burning are already changing it in significant ways. The vast body of water is home to some of the most unique life forms on Earth and contains the deepest reaches known to humankind.
landmasses /Continents
ferdinand
UK [ˈfɜːd(ə)nænd]
US [ˈfɜrdɪˌnænd]
弗迪南
Magellan
UK [məˈgɛlən]
US [məˈdʒɛlən]
n.
麦哲伦（Ferdinand，1480？—1521，葡萄牙航海家）
VERB 充满，充斥(人或动物)
If you say that a place is teeming with people or animals, you mean that it is crowded and the people and animals are moving around a lot.
Birthing hurricanes
The Pacific Ocean stirs up some of the strongest hurricanes ever seen. For example, in 2018 the strongest storm of the year was Super Typhoon Mangkhut. It hit the Philippines in late September before dissipating over mainland China. At its strongest, the storm’s winds topped 165 miles per hour, uprooting trees, destroying homes, and causing deadly mudslides.
stirs up / ever seen 有史以来
Mangkhut山竹
Hurricane 和typhoon 区别？其实飓风（hurricane）台风（typhoon）和热带风暴（cyclones）都代表了同一种天气现象。
它们之间唯一的区别在于风暴发生的地点不同。在大西洋和东北太平洋，我们称它为“飓风”，同样的扰动在西北太平洋被称为“台风”，而“热带风暴”则发生在南太平洋和印度洋
dissipating
UK [ˈdɪsɪpeɪtɪŋ]
US [ˈdɪsɪpeɪtɪŋ]
v.
(使)消散，消失；驱散；挥霍，浪费，消磨(时间、金钱等)
dissipate的现在分词 topped
UK [tɒpt]
US [tɑːpt]
v.
高于，超过(某一数量)；居…之首；为…之冠；把(某物)放在…的上面
top的过去分词和过去式 top +数字
uprooting
UK [ˌʌpˈruːtɪŋ]
US [ˌʌpˈruːtɪŋ]
v.
将…连根拔起；(使)离开家园(或熟悉的地方等)
uproot的现在分词
mudslides
UK [ˈmʌdslaɪdz]
US [ˈmʌdslaɪdz]
n.
泥流
mudslide的复数
cyclones
UK [ˈsaɪkləʊnz]
US [sɪˈkloʊnz]
n.
气旋；旋风
cyclone的复数
Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones are actually different names for the same weather pattern. Hurricane is used in the eastern Pacific, typhoon in the northwestern Pacific, and cyclone in the southwestern Pacific. The storms feed on the energy of warm water, making the Pacific a powerful breeding ground for them.
The Ring of Fire
The Pacific basin is called the “Ring of Fire” because of the area of earthquake and volcanic activity around its edges. The resulting chain of volcanoes is roughly 25,000 miles long and springs to life where the Pacific tectonic plate slides against or collides into the other tectonic plates that circle it. The subduction of tectonic plates—when a plate slides beneath another one—in certain areas also helps form deepwater trenches.
tectonic
UK [tekˈtɒnɪk]
US [tekˈtɑːnɪk]
adj.
地壳构造的
tectonic plate
collides
UK [kəˈlaɪdz]
US [kəˈlaɪdz]
v.
碰撞；相撞；严重不一致；冲突；抵触
collide的第三人称单数
subduction
潜沉；俯冲
slides
UK [slaɪdz]
US [slaɪdz]
v.
(使)滑行，滑动
The Mariana Trench
Mariana
US [ˌmɛriˈænə]
n.
马里亚纳群岛（位于西太平洋）
马里亚纳海沟（Mariana Trench），即菲律宾东北、马里亚纳群岛附近的太平洋底，
海沟最深处的地方达6~11千米，是已知的海洋最深处，这里水压高、完全黑暗、温度低、含氧量低，且食物资源匮乏，因此成为地球上环境最恶劣的区域之一。
马里亚纳海沟是板块俯冲地带，海底地质运动非常活跃，海山火山岩的物质组成及成因等是海洋地质科学家感兴趣的问题。
continental shelf
UK [ˌkɒntɪˌnentəl ˈʃelf]
US [ˌkɑːntɪˌnentəl ˈʃelf]
n.
大陆架
continental slope
UK [ˌkɒntɪˌnentəl ˈsləʊp]
US [ˌkɑːntɪˌnentəl ˈsloʊp]
n.
大陆坡
Mountain Everest
UK [ˈmaʊntən 'evərɪst]
US [ˈmaʊntn 'evərəst]
圣母峰
abyssal plain
UK [əˈbɪsl pleɪn]
US [əˈbɪsl pleɪn]
深海平原
如果把世界最高的珠穆朗玛峰放在沟底，峰顶将不能露出水面。不少的登山家成功地征服了珠穆朗玛峰，但探测深海却极其困难。1960年1月，科学家首次乘坐“的里雅斯特"号深海潜水器，首次成功下潜至马里亚纳海沟底进行科学考察。海沟底部高达1100个大气压的巨大水压，对于人类是一个巨大的挑战。深海是一个高压、漆黑和冰冷的世界，通常温度只有2℃（极少数海底受地热的影响水温可高达380℃）。令人惊奇的是，在这样深的海底，科学家们竟然看到有一条比目鱼和一只小红虾在游动。有的理论认为深海海沟的形成主要原因是地壳的剧烈凹陷。
英国亚伯丁大学(Aberdeen University)科学家杰米生(Alan Jamieson)博士表示：“这种栖息深度很深的鱼，不像我们所曾看过的东西，也不像我们已知的任何东西。”[6]
为适应深海环境，深海鱼的生理机能发生了很大变化。这些变化反映在深海鱼的肌肉和骨骼上。由于深海环境的巨大水压作用，鱼的骨骼变得非常薄；而且容易弯曲；肌肉组织变得特别柔韧，纤维组织变得出奇的细密。更有趣的是，鱼皮组织变得仅仅是一层非常薄的层膜，它能使鱼体内的生理组织充满水分，保持体内外压力的平衡。这就是在如此巨大的压力下深海鱼也不会被压扁的原因。另外，深海鱼类的眼睛也变得非常奇特。我们常见的金鱼，不仅颜色非常鲜艳，两只眼睛特别大，而且好玩。和金鱼比较，生活在深海里的鱼类，其眼睛结构要比金鱼眼丰富多了。一般鱼的眼睛，多生长在头的两侧，而生活在深海中的鱼，眼睛却长在头部的背部。从正面看，后鱼的两只大眼框，简直就像是竖起来的两只电灯泡。而从上往下看，两只眼睛又像两个大圆圈，占据着头部的“要塞”部位。更有趣的是，这种鱼眼能上下左右活动，其眼球的组织结构和一架望远镜差不多，而且还能自如地调整焦距。奇特的眼睛结构，几乎是深海鱼的一个共同生理特征。
英国
1951年英国皇家海军挑战者二号首度测量海沟
苏联
1957年苏联考察船“维塔兹号”（Vityaz）回波测得11034米（36201英尺）深度，将该处命名为“马里亚纳深凹”；但该数据从未再测得，因此不作为标准值。
美国
1960年美国海军“的里雅斯特”号深潜器创造了潜入海沟10916米的世界记录。
2012年3月，美国好莱坞著名导演詹姆斯-卡梅隆独自乘坐潜艇“深海挑战者”号，下潜近11千米，探底西太平洋马里亚纳海沟。
中国
2012年6月15日蛟龙号在马里亚纳海沟进行了第一次试潜最终成功潜入水下6671米。蛟龙号在马里亚纳海沟共进行了六次试潜，最大下潜深度7062.68米，这些均刷新了我国人造机械载人潜水最深记录。
2016年6月22日至8月12日，我国“探索一号”科考船在马里亚纳海沟海域开展了我国海洋科技发展史上第一次综合性万米深渊科考活动。
2017年，中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所深海所首次实现马里亚纳海沟“挑战者”深渊万米锚系潜标长期连续观测，获取了世界上首个万米海底人工地震剖面。
2019年5月27日，中国远洋综合科考船“科学”号正式开始对位于西太平洋的马里亚纳海沟南侧系列海山展开调查，船载的“发现”号遥控无人潜水器采集到稀有的深水海兔。
日本
The Mariana Trench is one such deep ocean trench that sits along the Ring of Fire in the Mariana Archipelago east of the Philippines. It's the deepest known spot on the planet—deeper than Mt. Everest is tall, reaching down roughly seven miles. The deepest point in the trench is called Challenger Deep, at 36,000 feet down.
Humans descended into the Challenger Deep in 1960 inside a U.S. Navy submersible, and film director and explorer James Cameron made a solo trip in 2012. Today, scientists periodically send remotely operated vehicles to the bottom of the trench for various research purposes.
Scientists are just beginning to learn about life in the deepest parts of the oceans. Creatures in the deep sea exist in waters with zero light, crushing pressure, and conditions no human could ever survive. Yet the deep sea is home to a diverse group of sea creatures with mysterious lives, from glowing lures to huge eyes. Scientists know little about many of these creatures and the roles they may play in the global ecosystem because they are so hard to study.
Ocean acidification and ‘the blob’
acidification
US [əˌsɪdəfəˈkeɪʃən]
n.
酸化；成酸性
Burning fossil fuels and releasing carbon dioxide into the air doesn't just alter the makeup of our atmosphere. Oceans, which absorb about 30 percent of the CO2 released into the atmosphere, are also highly susceptible to the changes taking place in a warming world. When that carbon is absorbed, a series of chemical reactions takes place that produces more hydrogen ions and leads to more acidic waters. According to NOAA, the ocean's pH has dropped by 0.1 pH units in the past 200 years. That equates to ocean waters that are 30 percent more acidic. More acidic water is making it harder for organisms that make shells out of calcium carbonate, like clams and corals, to survive.
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Between Hawaii and California is an area larger than the state of Texas that has been dubbed the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Though the name may conjure up a massive island of plastic jutting out of the sea, 94 percent of the plastics found in the patch are actually microplastics—tiny pieces of plastic smaller than a grain of rice and often impossible to see with the naked eye. Much of the heaviest plastic found in the patch is abandoned fishing gear, often referred to as “ghost nets.” Ghost nets threaten marine life because they can easily ensnare animals swimming by.
The garbage patch in the Pacific is the largest known on the planet, but several others can be found in other oceans (five main ones are often reported). Debris tends to collect in swirling, circular currents called gyres.
Experts say that cleaning up the patch entirely is likely impossible, but some are trying to at least mitigate the problem. One Dutch company called Ocean Cleanup has invested $32 million as of early 2019 in cleaning up the Pacific Garbage Patch. Early ocean trials have so far shown mixed results.
Overfishing
Billions of people around the world rely on fish as their primary source of protein and millions rely on it for their livelihood. Many of the world's populations of wild fish harvested for humans to eat are now overfished, or over exploited beyond what the fish can replace through reproduction. The precise number is often debated by conservationists but the United Nations has estimated about a third of global fisheries are overfished. Whether a mile off a country's coast or far out to sea, overfishing affects much of the Pacific Ocean, although there have been encouraging signs that some fisheries are recovering.
Successful fisheries managers monitor the health of their stocks regularly to dictate when a region can be fished, how much, and when “no-take zones” should be created to allow a population more time to reproduce and multiply.
The Pacific Ocean is also the site of much of the world's high seas fishing, both legal and illegal, a practice that has been criticized by conservationists as being unsustainable as well as unprofitable. Recent international discussions have raised the question of whether nations should unite to limit or even prohibit fishing on the high seas, which currently faces few restrictions.
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