大体来说, 合约分为如下几个模块:
1: 合约逻辑控制分析、
2: FTN源码部分分析、
3: 合约安全性分析、
4: 合约合理性分析、
5:个人对FTN合约分析、
fountain官网: https://fountainhub.com/
image.png最近也在以太坊上看到部署了fountain ico的合约:https://etherscan.io/token/0x82cf44be0768a3600c4bdea58607783a3a7c51ae
image.pngfountain白皮书: https://www.jianshu.com/p/1a73af5a2eeb
image.png上图可知fountain 已经转移了一部分代币到其他账户, 我们期待的FTN终于开始行动了, 不过作为我们个人似乎前面基本没戏进入私募轮, 所以我也只有期待A轮的公募
那么白皮书提到了关于TOKEN 初始化分配已经后面的增发, 还有FP等等, 又如何从合约去体现呢? 那么下面我将仔细的来和大家聊一聊。
fountain 合约代码:
pragma solidity ^0.4.25;
library SafeMath {
function mul (uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
if (a == 0) {
return 0;
}
uint256 c = a * b;
assert(c / a == b);
return c;
}
function div (uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
return a / b;
}
function sub (uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
assert(b <= a);
return a - b;
}
function add (uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
uint256 c = a + b;
assert(c >= a);
return c;
}
}
contract ERCBasic {
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
function totalSupply () public view returns (uint256);
function balanceOf (address who) public view returns (uint256);
function transfer (address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
}
contract ERC is ERCBasic {
event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
function transferFrom (address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
function allowance (address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256);
function approve (address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
}
contract Ownable {
event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed oldone, address indexed newone);
event FoundationOwnershipTransferred(address indexed oldFoundationOwner, address indexed newFoundationOwner);
address internal owner;
address internal foundationOwner;
constructor () public {
owner = msg.sender;
foundationOwner = owner;
}
modifier onlyOwner () {
require(msg.sender == owner);
_;
}
modifier hasMintability () {
require(msg.sender == owner || msg.sender == foundationOwner);
_;
}
function transferOwnership (address newOwner) public returns (bool);
function setFountainFoundationOwner (address foundation) public returns (bool);
}
contract Pausable is Ownable {
event ContractPause();
event ContractResume();
event ContractPauseSchedule(uint256 from, uint256 to);
uint256 internal pauseFrom;
uint256 internal pauseTo;
modifier whenRunning () {
require(now < pauseFrom || now > pauseTo);
_;
}
modifier whenPaused () {
require(now >= pauseFrom && now <= pauseTo);
_;
}
function pause () public onlyOwner {
pauseFrom = now - 1;
pauseTo = now + 30000 days;
emit ContractPause();
}
function pause (uint256 from, uint256 to) public onlyOwner {
require(to > from);
pauseFrom = from;
pauseTo = to;
emit ContractPauseSchedule(from, to);
}
function resume () public onlyOwner {
pauseFrom = now - 2;
pauseTo = now - 1;
emit ContractResume();
}
}
contract TokenForge is Ownable {
event ForgeStart();
event ForgeStop();
bool public forge_running = true;
modifier canForge () {
require(forge_running);
_;
}
modifier cannotForge () {
require(!forge_running);
_;
}
function startForge () public onlyOwner cannotForge returns (bool) {
forge_running = true;
emit ForgeStart();
return true;
}
function stopForge () public onlyOwner canForge returns (bool) {
forge_running = false;
emit ForgeStop();
return true;
}
}
contract CappedToken is Ownable {
using SafeMath for uint256;
uint256 public token_cap;
uint256 public token_created;
uint256 public token_foundation_cap;
uint256 public token_foundation_created;
constructor (uint256 _cap, uint256 _foundationCap) public {
token_cap = _cap;
token_foundation_cap = _foundationCap;
}
function changeCap (uint256 _cap) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
if (_cap < token_created && _cap > 0) return false;
token_cap = _cap;
return true;
}
function canMint (uint256 amount) public view returns (bool) {
return (token_cap == 0) || (token_created.add(amount) <= token_cap);
}
function canMintFoundation(uint256 amount) internal view returns(bool) {
return(token_foundation_created.add(amount) <= token_foundation_cap);
}
}
contract BasicToken is ERCBasic, Pausable {
using SafeMath for uint256;
mapping(address => uint256) public wallets;
modifier canTransfer (address _from, address _to, uint256 amount) {
require((_from != address(0)) && (_to != address(0)));
require(_from != _to);
require(amount > 0);
_;
}
function balanceOf (address user) public view returns (uint256) {
return wallets[user];
}
}
contract DelegatableToken is ERC, BasicToken {
using SafeMath for uint256;
mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public warrants;
function allowance (address owner, address delegator) public view returns (uint256) {
return warrants[owner][delegator];
}
function approve (address delegator, uint256 value) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
if (delegator == msg.sender) return true;
warrants[msg.sender][delegator] = value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, delegator, value);
return true;
}
function increaseApproval (address delegator, uint256 delta) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
if (delegator == msg.sender) return true;
uint256 value = warrants[msg.sender][delegator].add(delta);
warrants[msg.sender][delegator] = value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, delegator, value);
return true;
}
function decreaseApproval (address delegator, uint256 delta) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
if (delegator == msg.sender) return true;
uint256 value = warrants[msg.sender][delegator];
if (value < delta) {
value = 0;
}
else {
value = value.sub(delta);
}
warrants[msg.sender][delegator] = value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, delegator, value);
return true;
}
}
contract LockableProtocol is BasicToken {
function invest (address investor, uint256 amount) public returns (bool);
function getInvestedToken (address investor) public view returns (uint256);
function getLockedToken (address investor) public view returns (uint256);
function availableWallet (address user) public view returns (uint256) {
return wallets[user].sub(getLockedToken(user));
}
}
contract MintAndBurnToken is TokenForge, CappedToken, LockableProtocol {
using SafeMath for uint256;
event Mint(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
event Burn(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
constructor (uint256 _initial, uint256 _cap, uint256 _fountainCap) public CappedToken(_cap, _fountainCap) {
token_created = _initial;
wallets[msg.sender] = _initial;
emit Mint(msg.sender, _initial);
emit Transfer(address(0), msg.sender, _initial);
}
function totalSupply () public view returns (uint256) {
return token_created;
}
function totalFountainSupply() public view returns(uint256) {
return token_foundation_created;
}
function mint (address target, uint256 amount) public hasMintability whenRunning canForge returns (bool) {
require(target != owner && target != foundationOwner); // Owner和FoundationOwner不能成为mint的对象
require(canMint(amount));
if (msg.sender == foundationOwner) {
require(canMintFoundation(amount));
token_foundation_created = token_foundation_created.add(amount);
}
token_created = token_created.add(amount);
wallets[target] = wallets[target].add(amount);
emit Mint(target, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), target, amount);
return true;
}
function burn (uint256 amount) public whenRunning canForge returns (bool) {
uint256 balance = availableWallet(msg.sender);
require(amount <= balance);
token_created = token_created.sub(amount);
wallets[msg.sender] -= amount;
emit Burn(msg.sender, amount);
emit Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), amount);
return true;
}
}
contract LockableToken is MintAndBurnToken, DelegatableToken {
using SafeMath for uint256;
struct LockBin {
uint256 start;
uint256 finish;
uint256 duration;
uint256 amount;
}
event InvestStart();
event InvestStop();
event NewInvest(uint256 release_start, uint256 release_duration);
uint256 public releaseStart;
uint256 public releaseDuration;
bool public forceStopInvest;
mapping(address => mapping(uint => LockBin)) public lockbins;
modifier canInvest () {
require(!forceStopInvest);
_;
}
constructor (uint256 _initial, uint256 _cap, uint256 _fountainCap) public MintAndBurnToken(_initial, _cap, _fountainCap) {
forceStopInvest = true;
}
function pauseInvest () public onlyOwner whenRunning returns (bool) {
require(!forceStopInvest);
forceStopInvest = true;
emit InvestStop();
return true;
}
function resumeInvest () public onlyOwner whenRunning returns (bool) {
require(forceStopInvest);
forceStopInvest = false;
emit InvestStart();
return true;
}
function setInvest (uint256 release_start, uint256 release_duration) public onlyOwner whenRunning returns (bool) {
releaseStart = release_start;
releaseDuration = release_duration;
forceStopInvest = false;
emit NewInvest(release_start, release_duration);
return true;
}
function invest (address investor, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner whenRunning canInvest returns (bool) {
require(investor != address(0));
require(investor != owner);
require(investor != foundationOwner);
require(amount > 0);
require(canMint(amount));
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[investor];
LockBin storage info = locks[0];
uint index = info.amount + 1;
locks[index] = LockBin({
start: releaseStart,
finish: releaseStart + releaseDuration,
duration: releaseDuration / (1 days),
amount: amount
});
info.amount = index;
token_created = token_created.add(amount);
wallets[investor] = wallets[investor].add(amount);
emit Mint(investor, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), investor, amount);
return true;
}
function batchInvest (address[] investors, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner whenRunning canInvest returns (bool) {
require(amount > 0);
uint investorsLength = investors.length;
uint investorsCount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < investorsLength; i ++) {
r = investors[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner || r == foundationOwner) continue;
investorsCount ++;
}
require(investorsCount > 0);
uint256 totalAmount = amount.mul(uint256(investorsCount));
require(canMint(totalAmount));
token_created = token_created.add(totalAmount);
for (i = 0; i < investorsLength; i ++) {
r = investors[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner || r == foundationOwner) continue;
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[r];
LockBin storage info = locks[0];
uint index = info.amount + 1;
locks[index] = LockBin({
start: releaseStart,
finish: releaseStart + releaseDuration,
duration: releaseDuration / (1 days),
amount: amount
});
info.amount = index;
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Mint(r, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), r, amount);
}
return true;
}
function batchInvests (address[] investors, uint256[] amounts) public onlyOwner whenRunning canInvest returns (bool) {
uint investorsLength = investors.length;
require(investorsLength == amounts.length);
uint investorsCount = 0;
uint256 totalAmount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < investorsLength; i ++) {
r = investors[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
investorsCount ++;
totalAmount += amounts[i];
}
require(totalAmount > 0);
require(canMint(totalAmount));
uint256 amount;
token_created = token_created.add(totalAmount);
for (i = 0; i < investorsLength; i ++) {
r = investors[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
amount = amounts[i];
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Mint(r, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), r, amount);
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[r];
LockBin storage info = locks[0];
uint index = info.amount + 1;
locks[index] = LockBin({
start: releaseStart,
finish: releaseStart + releaseDuration,
duration: releaseDuration / (1 days),
amount: amount
});
info.amount = index;
}
return true;
}
function getInvestedToken (address investor) public view returns (uint256) {
require(investor != address(0) && investor != owner && investor != foundationOwner);
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[investor];
uint256 balance = 0;
uint l = locks[0].amount;
for (uint i = 1; i <= l; i ++) {
LockBin memory bin = locks[i];
balance = balance.add(bin.amount);
}
return balance;
}
function getLockedToken (address investor) public view returns (uint256) {
require(investor != address(0) && investor != owner && investor != foundationOwner);
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[investor];
uint256 balance = 0;
uint256 d = 1;
uint l = locks[0].amount;
for (uint i = 1; i <= l; i ++) {
LockBin memory bin = locks[i];
if (now <= bin.start) {
balance = balance.add(bin.amount);
}
else if (now < bin.finish) {
d = (now - bin.start) / (1 days);
balance = balance.add(bin.amount - bin.amount * d / bin.duration);
}
}
return balance;
}
function canPay (address user, uint256 amount) internal view returns (bool) {
uint256 balance = availableWallet(user);
return amount <= balance;
}
function transfer (address target, uint256 value) public whenRunning canTransfer(msg.sender, target, value) returns (bool) {
require(target != owner);
require(canPay(msg.sender, value));
wallets[msg.sender] = wallets[msg.sender].sub(value);
wallets[target] = wallets[target].add(value);
emit Transfer(msg.sender, target, value);
return true;
}
function batchTransfer (address[] receivers, uint256 amount) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
require(amount > 0);
uint receiveLength = receivers.length;
uint receiverCount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i ++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
receiverCount ++;
}
require(receiverCount > 0);
uint256 totalAmount = amount.mul(uint256(receiverCount));
require(canPay(msg.sender, totalAmount));
wallets[msg.sender] -= totalAmount;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Transfer(msg.sender, r, amount);
}
return true;
}
function batchTransfers (address[] receivers, uint256[] amounts) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
uint receiveLength = receivers.length;
require(receiveLength == amounts.length);
uint receiverCount = 0;
uint256 totalAmount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i ++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
receiverCount ++;
totalAmount += amounts[i];
}
require(totalAmount > 0);
require(canPay(msg.sender, totalAmount));
wallets[msg.sender] -= totalAmount;
uint256 amount;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
amount = amounts[i];
if (amount == 0) continue;
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Transfer(msg.sender, r, amount);
}
return true;
}
function transferFrom (address from, address to, uint256 value) public whenRunning canTransfer(from, to, value) returns (bool) {
require(from != owner);
require(to != owner);
require(canPay(from, value));
uint256 warrant;
if (msg.sender != from) {
warrant = warrants[from][msg.sender];
require(value <= warrant);
warrants[from][msg.sender] = warrant.sub(value);
}
wallets[from] = wallets[from].sub(value);
wallets[to] = wallets[to].add(value);
emit Transfer(from, to, value);
return true;
}
function batchTransferFrom (address from, address[] receivers, uint256 amount) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
require(from != address(0) && from != owner);
require(amount > 0);
uint receiveLength = receivers.length;
uint receiverCount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i ++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
receiverCount ++;
}
require(receiverCount > 0);
uint256 totalAmount = amount.mul(uint256(receiverCount));
require(canPay(from, totalAmount));
uint256 warrant;
if (msg.sender != from) {
warrant = warrants[from][msg.sender];
require(totalAmount <= warrant);
warrants[from][msg.sender] = warrant.sub(totalAmount);
}
wallets[from] -= totalAmount;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Transfer(from, r, amount);
}
return true;
}
function batchTransferFroms (address from, address[] receivers, uint256[] amounts) public whenRunning returns (bool) {
require(from != address(0) && from != owner);
uint receiveLength = receivers.length;
require(receiveLength == amounts.length);
uint receiverCount = 0;
uint256 totalAmount = 0;
uint i;
address r;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i ++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
receiverCount ++;
totalAmount += amounts[i];
}
require(totalAmount > 0);
require(canPay(from, totalAmount));
uint256 warrant;
if (msg.sender != from) {
warrant = warrants[from][msg.sender];
require(totalAmount <= warrant);
warrants[from][msg.sender] = warrant.sub(totalAmount);
}
wallets[from] -= totalAmount;
uint256 amount;
for (i = 0; i < receiveLength; i++) {
r = receivers[i];
if (r == address(0) || r == owner) continue;
amount = amounts[i];
if (amount == 0) continue;
wallets[r] = wallets[r].add(amount);
emit Transfer(from, r, amount);
}
return true;
}
}
contract FountainToken is LockableToken {
string public constant name = "Fountain";
string public constant symbol = "FTN";
uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
uint256 private constant TOKEN_CAP = 10000000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
uint256 private constant TOKEN_FOUNDATION_CAP = 300000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
uint256 private constant TOKEN_INITIAL = 0 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
constructor () public LockableToken(TOKEN_INITIAL, TOKEN_CAP, TOKEN_FOUNDATION_CAP) {
}
function suicide () public onlyOwner {
selfdestruct(owner);
}
function transferOwnership (address newOwner) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
require(newOwner != address(0));
require(newOwner != owner);
require(newOwner != foundationOwner);
require(wallets[owner] == 0);
require(wallets[newOwner] == 0);
address oldOwner = owner;
owner = newOwner;
emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
return true;
}
function setFountainFoundationOwner (address newFoundationOwner) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {
require(newFoundationOwner != address(0));
require(newFoundationOwner != foundationOwner);
require(newFoundationOwner != owner);
require(wallets[newFoundationOwner] == 0);
address oldFoundation = foundationOwner;
foundationOwner = newFoundationOwner;
emit FoundationOwnershipTransferred(oldFoundation, foundationOwner);
uint256 all = wallets[oldFoundation];
wallets[oldFoundation] -= all;
wallets[newFoundationOwner] = all;
emit Transfer(oldFoundation, newFoundationOwner, all);
return true;
}
}
1: 合约逻辑控制分析、
1.1 合约控制还是非常细化,使用安全计算法进行加减乘除运算(SafeMath)来控制所有计算操作
1.2 兼容官方基础 ERC20 代币协议, 也就是说能支持官方支持的钱包操作
contract ERCBasic {
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
function totalSupply () public view returns (uint256);
function balanceOf (address who) public view returns (uint256);
function transfer (address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
}
1.3 合约可暂停
contract Pausable is Ownable
1.4 合约有自己独立的铸币厂
contract TokenForge is Ownable
1.5 铸币上限设置
contract CappedToken is Ownable
1.6 如何对FTN进行锁仓
contract LockableProtocol is BasicToke
1.7 FTN 代币主函数
contract FountainToken is LockableToken {
uint256 private constant TOKEN_CAP = 10000000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
uint256 private constant TOKEN_FOUNDATION_CAP = 300000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
uint256 private constant TOKEN_INITIAL = 0 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
constructor () public LockableToken(TOKEN_INITIAL, TOKEN_CAP, TOKEN_FOUNDATION_CAP) {
}
}
2: FTN源码部分分析、
uint256 private constant TOKEN_CAP = 10000000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
//TOKEN_CAP 说明这个FTN合约的增发上限, 不能超过这个值,
//后面这个函数看出始终是小于token_cap, 那么还得注意一点的是
//token_cap 此处为0, 那么就说明FTN可以无限制的增发,
//那么这样和比特币就有很大的差距, 那么官方给出的是有限制的
function canMint (uint256 amount) public view returns (bool) {
return (token_cap == 0) || (token_created.add(amount) <= token_cap);
}
uint256 private constant TOKEN_FOUNDATION_CAP = 300000000 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
// fountain 基金会最大FTN
function canMintFoundation(uint256 amount) internal view returns(bool) {
return(token_foundation_created.add(amount) <= token_foundation_cap);
}
//说你基金会产生的不允许超过这个值, fountain 这个也是我比较满意的
//FTN初始化0
uint256 private constant TOKEN_INITIAL = 0 * 10 ** uint256(decimals);
struct LockBin {
uint256 start; //当前轮募资资金解冻开始时间
uint256 finish; // 当前轮募资解冻周期时长
uint256 duration;//解锁周期
uint256 amount; //FTN数量
}
//这个就比较重要 了, 这个可是保存了我们所有账户的FTN,
function invest (address investor, uint256 amount) public onlyOwner whenRunning canInvest returns (bool) {
require(investor != address(0));
require(investor != owner); // 管理员不能参与募资
require(investor != foundationOwner); // 基金会管理员也不行
require(amount > 0);
require(canMint(amount));
mapping(uint => LockBin) locks = lockbins[investor];
LockBin storage info = locks[0];
uint index = info.amount + 1;
locks[index] = LockBin({
start: releaseStart,
finish: releaseStart + releaseDuration,
duration: releaseDuration / (1 days),
amount: amount
});
info.amount = index;
token_created = token_created.add(amount);
wallets[investor] = wallets[investor].add(amount);
emit Mint(investor, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), investor, amount);
return true;
}
//上面的函数: 就记录了各位什么时间参与的FTN购买记录,
//这个也是保存在以太坊的链上, 解锁周期就是
//每天解锁duration: releaseDuration / (1 days) 这个就记录了周期了
function availableWallet (address user) public view returns (uint256) {
return wallets[user].sub(getLockedToken(user));
}
//这个函数会告诉你,当前用户解锁了多少FTN, 解锁的才是可以交易的
function mint (address target, uint256 amount) public hasMintability whenRunning canForge returns (bool) {
require(target != owner && target != foundationOwner); // Owner和FoundationOwner不能成为mint的对象
require(canMint(amount));
if (msg.sender == foundationOwner) {
require(canMintFoundation(amount));//做增发判断不能超过100亿
token_foundation_created = token_foundation_created.add(amount);
}
token_created = token_created.add(amount);
wallets[target] = wallets[target].add(amount); //FTN进入target这个账户了
emit Mint(target, amount);
emit Transfer(address(0), target, amount);
return true;
}
//上面这个就是我最喜欢的函数了:
//增发函数, 可惜只有管理员有权限
//(发钱的人不能用钱, 用钱的人不能自己增发钱, 所以这个逻辑还是比较合理)
3: 合约安全性分析、
以太坊ICO合约也看了很多, 目前FTN这个合约是我看的比较完整的源码, 从安全上来说, 合约使用SafeMath 库, 同时合约也支持合约的暂停, 退一万步来说, 有一天合约出现了问题, fountain官方也可销毁合约, 最大程解决了安全和利益最大化
4: 合约合理性分析、
1: 合约本身来说是对FTN有总量控制, 那么也就是说fountain 官方不可能无穷无尽的增发, 那么FTN会像比特币一样有价值
2: 白皮书也借鉴了steem的转换机制, 以后FTN会变成FP(合约并未体现)
5:个人对FTN合约分析
FTN 合约很注重细节, 至于为什么, 简单的说说, 合约的逻辑, 增发FTN不能拥有FTN, 交易FTN者不增发FTN
个人比较在意的是: 合约未来的扩展, 一旦合约出现问题, 如何来补丁合约, 还有就是合约的管理员权限过大, 大到瞬间可以成为亿万富豪, 所以fountain的合约管理员至关重要
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