django安装

pip install Django
创建项目及应用

# 创建应用
D:\project>django-admin startproject mysite
D:\project>cd mysite
# 创建应用下的一个项目
D:\project\mysite> python manage.py startapp myapi

django 配置

setting.py

import pymysql
pymysql.version_info = (1, 4, 13, "final", 0) #指定版本
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()



INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapi' # 注册应用
]


// 设置默认数据库为mysql
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mydb',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',  # 帐号
        'PASSWORD': '123456',  # 密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # IP
        'PORT': '3306',  # 端口
    }
}

执行下面的数据库迁移指令

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

admin后台

在admin中注册模型

# myapi/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

admin.site.register(models.User)

建立超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

运行服务器，进入到http://127.0.0.1:8100/admin

python manage.py runserver 8100

新增账号

image.png
新增账号好，在mysql中可以查到数据

image.png

URL路由和视图设置

mysite/myapi/urls.py设置路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from myapi import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^logout/', views.logout),
]

mysite/urls.py引用myapi的url

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('myapi/', include('myapi.urls')),

]

mysite/myapi/views.py的视图代码

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

from myapi import models


def check_login(func):  # 自定义登录验证装饰器
    def warpper(request, *args, **kwargs):
        is_login = request.session.get('is_login', False)
        if is_login:
            return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            # return redirect("/login")
            return JsonResponse({'code': -1, 'msg': 'not login'})

    return warpper


@check_login
def index(request):
    # return render(request, 'login/index.html')
    return JsonResponse({'code': 2, 'msg': 'this is index message'})


@csrf_exempt
def login(request):
    if request.session.get('is_login', None):
        return {'code': 1, 'msg': 'already success'}
    user_name = request.POST.get("user_name")
    pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
    user = models.User.objects.get(name=user_name)
    if user and user.password == pwd:
        result = {'code': 1, 'msg': 'login is success'}
        request.session['is_login'] = True
        request.session['user_id'] = user.id
        request.session['user_name'] = user.name
    else:
        result = {'code': -1, 'msg': 'check user and pwd'}

    return JsonResponse(result)


def loginout(request):
    if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
        # 若是原本就未登陆，也就没有登出一说
        # return redirect("/index/")
        return JsonResponse({"code": -1, "msg": "you are not login"})

    request.session.flush()
    # 或者使用下面的方法
    # del request.session['is_login']
    # del request.session['user_id']
    # del request.session['user_name']
    # return redirect("/index/")
    return JsonResponse({"code": 1, "msg": "login out is success"})

代码测试

import requests

s = requests.Session()
resp = s.post("http://127.0.0.1:8100/myapi/login/", data={"user_name": "test1", "pwd": "12345678"})
print(resp.text)
# resp2 = s.get("http://127.0.0.1:8100/myapi/loginout/")
resp3 = s.get("http://127.0.0.1:8100/myapi/index/")


# print(resp2.text)
print(resp3.text)

其他

登陆代码主要来自这里
本地搭建win7+mysql环境
后续将开始以vue+Element-UI+django的课程
查看源码

更新

在vue发送请求后，出现跨域问题，在settings.py中设置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  ....
  'myapi',
    'corsheaders' # 新增

]


MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  # 按顺序新增1
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',  # 按顺序新增2
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',  # 按顺序新增3
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]


# 跨域增加忽略
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = ()
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
    'DELETE',
    'GET',
    'OPTIONS',
    'PATCH',
    'POST',
    'PUT',
    'VIEW',
)
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
    'XMLHttpRequest',
    'X_FILENAME',
    'accept-encoding',
    'authorization',
    'content-type',
    'dnt',
    'origin',
    'user-agent',
    'x-csrftoken',
    'x-requested-with',
)

vue发送post请求，后台获取不到

需要在vue这改造，用JSON.stringify传参

axios.post("login/",JSON.stringify(this.loginForm))

后台修改接受方式为

@csrf_exempt
def login(request):
    if request.session.get('is_login', None):
        return {'code': 1, 'msg': 'already success'}
    data = json.loads(request.body)
    user_name = data.get('username')
    pwd = data.get("pwd")

当接受到的用户名不在user表中，出现DoesNotExist异常

需要捕获异常

@csrf_exempt
def login(request):
    if request.session.get('is_login', None):
        return {'code': 1, 'msg': 'already success'}
    data = json.loads(request.body)
    user_name = data.get('username')
    pwd = data.get("pwd")
    if not user_name or not pwd:
        return JsonResponse({"code": -1, "msg":"username and pwd must fill in"})
    try:
        user = models.User.objects.get(name=user_name)
        if user and user.password == pwd:
            result = {'code': 1, 'msg': 'login is success'}
            request.session['is_login'] = True
            request.session['user_id'] = user.id
            request.session['user_name'] = user.name
        else:
            result = {'code': -1, 'msg': 'check user and pwd'}
    except models.User.DoesNotExist:
        result = {'code': -2, 'msg': 'check user'}
    return JsonResponse(result)