一、介绍
Java NIO支持scatter/gather,scatter/gather用于描述从Channel中读取或者写入到Channel的操作。
分散(scatter)从Channel中读取是指在读操作时将读取的数据写入多个buffer中。因此,Channel将从Channel中读取的数据“分散(scatter)”到多个Buffer中。
聚集(gather)写入Channel是指在写操作时将多个buffer的数据写入同一个Channel,因此,Channel 将多个Buffer中的数据“聚集(gather)”后发送到Channel。
scatter / gather经常用于需要将传输的数据分开处理的场合,例如传输一个由消息头和消息体组成的消息,你可能会将消息体和消息头分散到不同的buffer中,这样你可以方便的处理消息头和消息体。
1、scatter read
从一个channel读取到多个buffer中。如下图描述:
Java NIO: Scattering ReadByteBuffer header = ByteBuffer.allocate(128);
ByteBuffer body = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
ByteBuffer[] bufferArray = { header, body };
channel.read(bufferArray);
buffer首先被插入到数组,然后再将数组作为channel.read() 的输入参数。read()方法按照buffer在数组中的顺序将从channel中读取的数据写入到buffer,当一个buffer被写满后,channel紧接着向另一个buffer中写。
Scattering Reads在移动下一个buffer前,必须填满当前的buffer,这也意味着它不适用于动态消息。换句话说,如果存在消息头和消息体,消息头必须完成填充(例如 128byte),Scattering Reads才能正常工作。
2、Gathering write
数据从多个buffer写入到同一个channel。如下图描述:
Java NIO: Gathering WriteByteBuffer header = ByteBuffer.allocate(128);
ByteBuffer body = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//write data into buffers
ByteBuffer[] bufferArray = { header, body };
channel.write(bufferArray);
buffers数组是write()方法的入参,write()方法会按照buffer在数组中的顺序,将数据写入到channel,注意只有position和limit之间的数据才会被写入。因此,如果一个buffer的容量为128byte,但是仅仅包含58byte的数据,那么这58byte的数据将被写入到channel中。因此与Scattering Reads相反,Gathering Writes能较好的处理动态消息。
示例:
public class ChannelServerTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(8899);
serverSocket.bind(inetSocketAddress);
//阻塞并获取socketChannel
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
ByteBuffer [] byteBuffers = new ByteBuffer[3];
byteBuffers [0] = ByteBuffer.allocate(3);
byteBuffers [1] = ByteBuffer.allocate(2);
byteBuffers [2] = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
int length = 3+2+4;
while (true) {
int readLength = 0;
// scattering read
while (readLength<length) {
readLength += socketChannel.read(byteBuffers);
System.out.println("read length :" + readLength);
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : byteBuffers) {
System.out.println("read position : "+byteBuffer.position()+", limit : " + byteBuffer.limit());
}
}
//翻转
for(ByteBuffer b : byteBuffers) {
b.flip();
}
//回写响应信息
int writeLength = 0;
while (writeLength < length) {
writeLength += socketChannel.write(byteBuffers);
System.out.println("write length :" + writeLength);
}
// 清空byteBuffer
for(ByteBuffer b : byteBuffers) {
b.clear();
}
}
}
}
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