安装rvm,升级ruby。跳的坑，做个记录

问题描述：今天打开电脑 pod search AFNetworking
过了好半天，出现错误

[!] CDN: trunk Repo update failed - 31 error(s):
CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://cdn.cocoapods.org/Specs/a/7/5/AFNetworking/0.10.0/AFNetworking.podspec.json, error: Net::OpenTimeout
CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://cdn.cocoapods.org/Specs/a/7/5/AFNetworking/0.7.0/AFNetworking.podspec.json, error: Net::OpenTimeout
CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://cdn.cocoapods.org/Specs/a/7/5/AFNetworking/0.9.0/AFNetworking.podspec.json, error: Net::OpenTimeout
CDN: trunk URL couldn't be downloaded: https://cdn.cocoapods.org/Specs/a/7/5/AFNetworking/1.0/AFNetworking.podspec.json, error: Net::OpenTimeout

考虑重装rvm,ruby,cocoapods

• 1. 安装 RVM
     RVM 是一个命令行工具，可以提供一个便捷的多版本 Ruby 环境的管理和切换。
     rvm官网

  1.1第一次安装 rvm
  终端输入 curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   194  100   194    0     0    175      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:--   175
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:--  0:00:01 --:--:--     0
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused

报错原因：raw.githubusercontent.com 网址被墙。
解决方案：hosts文件配置 raw.githubusercontent.com 网站 IP。打开 查看IP地址网站 查看 raw.githubusercontent.com 网站的 IP。配置 hosts文件。

cd /etc
vi hosts

在hosts文件末尾加上 199.232.68.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

1.2 二次安装rvm,终端再次执行
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

CJ@MacBook-Pro /etc % curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   194  100   194    0     0     21      0  0:00:09  0:00:09 --:--:--    40
100 24535  100 24535    0     0    365      0  0:01:07  0:01:07 --:--:--   316
curl: (35) LibreSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to api.github.com:443 
WARN: ...the preceeding error with code 35 occurred while fetching https://api.github.com/repos/rvm/rvm/tags
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.9.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.9/1.29.9.tar.gz.asc
Installing RVM to /Users/zhx/.rvm/
    Adding rvm PATH line to /Users/zhanghanxing/.profile /Users/zhanghanxing/.mkshrc /Users/zhanghanxing/.bashrc /Users/zhanghanxing/.zshrc.
    Adding rvm loading line to /Users/zhanghanxing/.profile /Users/zhanghanxing/.bash_profile /Users/zhanghanxing/.zlogin.
Installation of RVM in /Users/zhx/.rvm/ is almost complete:

  * To start using RVM you need to run `source /Users/zhanghanxing/.rvm/scripts/rvm`
    in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
Thanks for installing RVM 🙏
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.

👉  Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate

终于安装rvm成功
按照提示，终端输入 source /Users/zhx/.rvm/scripts/rvm
查看 rvm 的版本
rvm -v

rvm 1.29.9 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]

rvm 已经是最新版本。

• 2. 用 rvm 安装 ruby
     查看已安装的 ruby 的版本
     ruby -v

ruby 2.6.3p62 (2019-04-16 revision 67580) [universal.x86_64-darwin19]

rvm 查看可安装的 ruby 版本
rvm list known

Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.10', you are using older version '1.29.9'.
You can disable this warning with:   echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can enable auto-update with:     echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can update manually with:        rvm get VERSION                         (e.g. 'rvm get stable')

# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.10]
[ruby-]2.3[.8]
[ruby-]2.4[.6]
[ruby-]2.5[.5]
[ruby-]2.6[.3]
[ruby-]2.7[.0-preview1]
ruby-head

# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2

# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.27]
jruby-9.1[.17.0]
jruby[-9.2.7.0]
jruby-head

# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx-2[.5.8]
rbx-3[.107]
rbx-4[.3]
rbx-head

# TruffleRuby
truffleruby[-19.1.0]

# Opal
opal

# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby-1.0.0
mruby-1.1.0
mruby-1.2.0
mruby-1.3.0
mruby-1[.4.1]
mruby-2[.0.1]
mruby[-head]

# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]

# Topaz
topaz

# MagLev
maglev-1.0.0
maglev-1.1[RC1]
maglev[-1.2Alpha4]
maglev-head

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head

# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head

最新可安装的 ruby 版本是 2.7.0，安装 2.7.0 最新的ruby版本。（建议不要安装2.7.0,建议安装 2.7.0以下的版本）
rvm install 2.7.0

rvm install ruby.png

漫长的等待.....
此过程由于网络不稳定的原因可能会出错， 重新执行 rvm install 2.7.0即可，直到安装成功。

• 3. 安装 CocoaPods
     gem install cocoapods

成功后,测试下pod. pod search AFNetWorking

/Users/zhanghanxing/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.9.3/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:342: warning: URI.escape is obsolete
/Users/zhanghanxing/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.9.3/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:342: warning: URI.escape is obsolete
/Users/zhanghanxing/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0/gems/cocoapods-core-1.9.3/lib/cocoapods-core/cdn_source.rb:342: warning: URI.escape is obsolete

结果弹出百十行，也不知道这是什么鬼。提示uri过期的一些提示。不过过会儿，也搜索到了 AFNetWorking 库。

错误原因: 原因是 ruby 2.7.0版本的bug,此版本弃用了一些方法导致的.
解决方案：网上查了下，也没有更好的解决方案，ruby退回到 2.7.0版本以下，重新 gem install cocoapods

• 4. rvm删除刚安装的 ruby 2.7.0 版本,重新安装ruby 2.6.3版本，把 ruby 2.6.3版本作为默认ruby 版本。

rvm remove 2.7.0 //删除2.7.0版本
rvm install 2.6.3  //安装2.6.3版本
rvm use 2.6.3 --default //把 2.6.3版本作为默认版本
rvm list  //查询已经安装的 ruby 版本

• 5. 用 2.6.3版本的ruby重新安装 CocoaPods.
     gem install cocoapods
pod setup

经过了一番折腾，pod search和 pod install 终于正常了。

在不断折腾中，成长。那些打不倒你的，只能让你变得更强大。

---

• rvm install 2.6.5遇到的问题,报错

Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_libs_install automake libtool pkg-config coreutils libyaml libksba readline zlib openssl@1.1',
please read /Users/zhx/.rvm/log/1596165170_ruby-2.6.5/package_install_automake_libtool_pkg-config_coreutils_libyaml_libksba_readline_zlib_openssl@1.1.log
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

• brew install sqlite 报错

Updating Homebrew...
Error: The following directories are not writable by your user:
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/share/man/man3
/usr/local/share/man/man5
/usr/local/share/man/man7

You should change the ownership of these directories to your user.
  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share/man/man3 /usr/local/share/man/man5 /usr/local/share/man/man7

And make sure that your user has write permission.
  chmod u+w /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share/man/man3 /usr/local/share/man/man5 /usr/local/share/man/man7

没有读写权限。按照提示 ,终端输入

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share/man/man3 /usr/local/share/man/man5 /usr/local/share/man/man7

chmod u+w /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/share/man/man3 /usr/local/share/man/man5 /usr/local/share/man/man7

• rvm requirements 报错

Checking requirements for osx.
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system..........
Installing required packages: automake, libtool, pkg-config, coreutils, libyaml, libksba, zlib, openssl@1.1...........................There were package installation errors, make sure to read the log.

Try `brew tap --repair` and make sure `brew doctor` looks reasonable.

Check Homebrew requirements https://docs.brew.sh/Installation
..
Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_libs_install automake libtool pkg-config coreutils libyaml libksba zlib openssl@1.1',
please read /Users/zhx/.rvm/log/1596166910/package_install_automake_libtool_pkg-config_coreutils_libyaml_libksba_zlib_openssl@1.1.log
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

按照提示 输入 brew tap --repair