12月12号
CR 50题
简直难枯了。错了11道。变态难到有些你看每个选项都是对的，或者没有一个是对的。即使边读梳理出逻辑链条也没用，选项中每一个描述都是符合逻辑链条的方向，只是在一些细节中偷换概念，这种真的就很难在短时间内辨别出来。贴一下这类错题。
639
More and more law firms specializing in corporate taxes are paid on a contingency-fee basis. Under this arrangement, if a case is won, the firm usually receives more than it would have received if it had been paid on the alternate hourly rate basis. If the case is lost, the firm receives nothing. Most firms are likely to make more under the contingency-fee arrangement.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen prediction above?
多数法律公司如何能有信心自己能在contingency-fee basis下能挣到更多的钱？就是能保证自己的赢率啊。
A虽然后面在赢的案子上能获得更多的钱，但是前半句都说了这种公司是只接受按钟算的。如果从按钟算到按赢的案子算，那赢的案子是能比原来挣得更多，但是输赢比例不确定的话其实也没办法保证最后整体能盈利。
641
Enterprise bank currently requires customers with checking accounts to maintain a minimum balance or pay a monthly fee. Enterprise plans to offer accounts with no monthly fee or no minimum balance requirement to cover their projected administrative cost of $3 per account per month. They plan to charge $30 for overdrawing an account. Since each month, on average, slightly more than 10% of Enterprise customers overdraw their accounts, bank officials predict the new accounts will generate a profit.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the bank officials' prediction?
第一次看出来了some的问题，但是最后因为没得选只能将就了A。因为觉得D哪怕check account取钱的人多，但不代表人家会愿意转去新的account啊。怎么能保证新账号盈利呢。
难道是我钻了牛角尖？
644
The Maxilux car company's design for its new luxury model, the Max 100, included a special design for the tires that was intended to complement the model's image. The winning bid for supplying these tires was submitted by robco. Analysts concluded that the bid would only just cover the Rubco's costs on the tiles, but Rubco executives claim that winning the bid will actually make a profit for the company.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly justified claim made by radicals executives?
B) Rubco holds exclusive contracts to supply Maxilux wih the tires for a number of other models made by Maxilux.
本来以为获得其他车型的车胎合同，就能盈利。但OG上的解释说，如果是拿下了这次标的使得他们赢得了其他的合同才能算支持盈利的说法。但，这里仅仅是陈述Rubco还有和其他独家的供应车胎的合同。这不一定等于能盈利。（这里我真的是费了好大的劲才把自己拧过来。
D) When people who have purchased a carefully designed luxury automobile need to replace a worn part of it, they almost invariably replace it with a part of exactly the same make and type.
正确答案是Rubco虽然无法通过竞标盈利，但能通过额外补胎的市场来盈利。（这supplier做得也太卑微了吧……可怜
645
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Most bicycle helmets provide protection for the top and back of the head, but little or no protection for temple regions on the sides of the head. The story of head injuries resulting from bicycle accidents shows that a large portion was caused by blows to the temple area. Therefore, if bicycle helmets protect this area, the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents would be greatly reduced, especially since ___________？
这道错得冤枉。
E) bicyclists generally land on their arm or shoulder when they fall to the side, which reduces the likelihood of severe impacts on the side of the head.
E表达的意思实际上是不支持结论的。确实不能选。
只有侧面的骨头容易裂，才能说加强侧面的保护可以大大减少损伤。
666
A story of ticket sales and summer theatre festival found that people who bought tickets to individual place had a no-show rate of less than 1%, while those who paid in advance for all time place being performed at summer had no-show rate of nearly 30%. This may be at least in part because the greater awareness customers retain about the cost of an item, the more likely they are to use it.
Which of the following would, if true, best serve as an alternative explanation of the results of the study?
b) Many people who attend the theatre festival believe strongly that they should support financially.
d) Usually, people who bought tickets to individual players did immediately prior to each performance that they attended.
套票的鸽子率高。可能原因，人们觉得是只是想金钱方面支持一下。这个理由按说在中文语义里应该是对的。但是解释说这也同样适用于买单独票的电影。无法解释为什么单个电影的出席率更高。所以应该是买单独票的人在电影临开场之前要买这个动机会强更多。
667
Although there is no record for poet Edmund Spenser parentage. We do know that as youth spencer attended the Merchant Tailors school in London for a period between 1560 and 1517. Records from this time indicating merchant tailors. Dan had only three members. My name is spencer. Robert Spencer listed as a gentleman. Nicholas spencer elected the bills water in 1568. And John spencer listed as a journeyman class maker of this. The last was likely the least affluent of the street and most likely and his father since school accounting record these elements as a scholar who attended the school and reduce reduced fee.
The following is an assumption on which the argument depends？
d) Most of those his father were members of the merchant's Guild were students at the merchant Tailors school.
b) The merchant Tailors school did not reduce its fees for the children of the more affluent members.
OG上的解释很牵强。不清楚这个诗人的出身，但是就能从他小时候上学的学费被减免，这个记录就能判断出他们学校的其中一个最穷的委员就是他爸？
这是什么逻辑？为什么不能反过来说？只要是委员的孩子就能够在那里上学？
这个argument本身有问题。但是作为一道题目，他问的可能是假如这个结论是对的。那要补充上什么样的假设才能让这个结论更加对？
问题是减学费也不能说他爸一定是那个协会里最穷的人吧？
感觉说服程度不如委员的孩子一定在学校里呢？（这道题先放着，等遇到了高人请教一下
672
Archeologists: Researchers excavating a burial site in Cyprus found a feline skeleton lying near humans that skeleton. Both skeletons were in the same sediment at the same depth and equally well-preserved, suggesting that the feline and human were buried together about 9,500 years ago. This shows that felines were domesticated around the time farming began when they would have been useful in protecting stores of grain from mice.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the archaeologist argument?
c. Paintings found near the burial site seem to show people keeping felines as domestic companions, but do not show felines hunting mice.
d. In Cyprus, there are many burial sites dating from around 9,500 years ago, in which the remains of wild animals buried alongside human remains.
考古学家找到了一个猫的Skeleton。和人的skeleton放在一起。而且成分是一样的。说明他们被埋的时候是同一时间。考古学家就猜测猫在当时被圈养起来。圈养的原因可能是农耕时代可以用来保护粮仓里的粮食，免遭老鼠咬。
题目问的是？是否存在其他可能猫的头骨和人的头骨放在一起。
选项里一个作为陪伴；另外一个是埋在一起不代表家养了。
其实这两个选项都对。但后者程度更严重。直接否定了猫被家养的这个事实。都不是攻击家养的原因了。
673
Farmer: Several people in the past few years have claim to have seen a mountain lion in the suburban outskirts—the latest just last month—and, while mountain lions were thought to have been driven from this entire region about 20 years ago. There is no reason for people who reported seeing a mountain lion have deliberately can call come a false report for local wildlife managers should begin to urgently address mountain lions presence.
c. No person who claims to have seen a mountain lion had anyone else with them at the reported site sighting.
d. There have been no regional reports in the past year of mountain lions migrating to the area.
e. Recent surveys show that more than half of the people in the region report that they have never seen a mountain lion before.
很多人称自己在前几年看到过一只山上的狮子。在城市的边郊。有人说早在20年前就见过这个狮子来过。这一片地方。问题问的是哪一个选项能够削弱这个农夫的argument？
农夫的arguments是狮子存在，要采取行动。
那按理说，能质疑狮子的存在都是对的。
cde三个选项都是这个方向的。第一眼真的很难排除。存在的理由，是有人报告见过。而怀疑他们的报告真实性，就相当于削弱了结论。另外两项，一个是在质疑狮子出现的原因。没有迁移哪里来的狮子。但是这个并没有直接攻击存在的理由。还有一个，大多数人都反应说没见过。也不能证明别人见过是假的。
这道题真的太考验强逻辑能力了……想想我们平时中文语言世界里的论述……上述两类的错误真的不要太多。
674
The heavy traffic in the sauna is a growing drain on the city's economy—the clogging of the streets of the central business district alone costs the economy more than 1.2 million dollars over the past year. In order to address this problem, officials plan to introduce congestion pricing, by which drivers would pay to enter the city's most heavily trafficked areas during the busiest times of the day.
Which of the following, if true, would most strongly indicate that the plan will be a success?
c. In other urban areas. Congestion pricing has strongly encouraged carpooling. Sharing the sharing of rights by private computers.
d. Several studies have shown that a reduction in traffic and 15% in the sauna can result into five hundred or more new jobs.
城市拥堵导致经济下滑。尤其是中心城区的拥堵。造成了去年120万的损失。 为了解决这个问题，政府打算收费。希望能缓解拥堵，同时不再造成经济上的损失。有哪个选项证明这个arguments是对的？(理解错了，是以为哪个能指出这个方案是会成功的？
这里有个链条。他默认经济下滑是拥堵造成的。那么为了让经济上行，就要减少拥堵，那么罚款是减少拥堵的好办法。
所以要的论据是罚款之后，没那么堵了。或者说不罚款的话，会更堵。
而不是干扰项特别强的不堵之后，经济好了，招的人多了。这个是在攻击这个argument的前提。和plan success不success无关。
（太难了太难了，枯
675
Economist: The most economically efficient way to reduce emissions of air pollutants is to tax them in proportion to the damage they are likely to cause. But in country Y, many serious pollutants are untaxed and unregulated. And policymakers strongly oppose new taxes. Therefore, the best way to achieve a reduction in air pollutant emissions in country Y would be to institute fixed upper limits on them.
The following is an assumption of the economist's argument?
b. Country Y's policymakers believe that air pollution emissions should be reduced with maximum economic efficiency.
e. Policymakers in country Y do not oppose setting fixed upper limits on air pollutant emissions as strongly as they oppose new taxes.
a. Policymakers in country Y oppose all new taxes equally strongly, regardless of any benefits they may provide.
减少污染源最有效的方法就是上税。产生多少污染，上多少税。
在这个国家，污染不上税不受监管。政策制定者也不想加新税。
所以最好的办法只有强制要求大家的排污上线。
这个argument的assumption是什么？
污染源不会减少，除非和伤害成正比。所以无关。
开始边看选项边晕的题。
我问题可能在于，不知道怎么预判assumption（搜一下文章看一下
有两个吧，一个是确实不好上新税，另外一个是强制管用能让用。
太难太难了，变态难。
后来谷歌到了GMATclub的解释。稍微明白了一些。
assumption是问你去判断作者没有说出来默认对的话是什么。但是我自己有点代入，开始去judge这个arguement的质量。所以才选了A。认为对新税一概不支持，不管有什么好处。这个时候我实际上attack的是premise而不再是这个argument的assumption了。assumption是premise与conclusion之间的unstated的必须要正确的内容。
真的感觉这道题再做一次还是会不小心错。
这道题也相应地反映了我自己的一个思维缺陷。喜欢去attack别人本身认为是对的事情。而不是从assumption入手去说服别人。一般大家的推理过程，把自己确认是对的事情，结合自己感知到的信息，得到一个自己的判断结论。如果要说服对方再三思自己的结论的话，最后不要直接上attack别人默认是对的事情，可以借力assumption。而assumption对方比较容易接受，是因为他们自己也会承认其中的不必然性。attack premise是件最难的事了，而且经常会上海到别人的ego。
676
太难了太难了要哭了
Humans get Lyme disease from infected ticks. Tick get infected by feeding on animals with Lyme disease, but the ease of transmission from host animal to tick varies. With most species of host animal, transmission of Lyme disease to ticks is extremely rare, but white-footed mice are an exception, readily passing Lyme disease to ticks. And white-footed mouse populations greatly expand, becoming the main food source for ticks, in areas where biodiversity is in decline.
The information in the passage most strongly supports which of the following?
B) Very few animals that live in areas where there are no white-footed mice are infected with Lyme disease.
C) Humans are less at risk of contracting Lyme disease in areas where diversity is high.
D) Ticks feed on white-footed mice only when other host species are not available to them.
最可怕的三个选项。
这题理出来逻辑链都没有用。是细节要难哭了。
脑补了没有白脚鼠，那动物就不太会被这种病感染。但这是针对tick。原文中说到对于很多宿主来说，这种病毒的传播很少会到tick身上。一下没看出B的animals对应原文。但是不看答案是很难看出来的了。好可怕。这个是偷换了概念，把very few animal替换了tick。这个坑挖的……
D选项的话是犯了绝对化描述的概念。Tick只是把白脚鼠当主食，不是有其他alternative的时候也完全不吃。忽略了only的范围。
这50道题真的做得开始恍惚，怀疑世界……错题总结花了大概4，5个小时，去挨个选项搞明白为什么不选，梳理逻辑链。不过真正成长也从总结开始，这样一点点慢慢地意识并纠正自己的不足。
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