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整合 SSM 基本配置文件

整合 SSM 基本配置文件

作者: yjtuuige | 来源:发表于2022-04-08 12:53 被阅读0次

    一、运行环境

    • JDK 17
    • IDEA 2021.2
    • MySQL 8.0.28
    • Tomcat 9.0.60
    • Maven 3.8.4

    二、Maven 依赖及资源过滤设置:pom.xml

    <!--依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <!--Junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库连接池 c3p0-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Servlet-JSP-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Java 注解:JDK11 以上需要-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.annotation-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--AOP 织入-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.8</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <!--静态资源导出-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
    

    三、搭建项目基本结构

    • 包名及文件名均可自定义:

    四、编写配置文件

    4.1 数据库配置文件:

    • database.properties
    # mysql8 驱动
    jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/数据库名?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true
    jdbc.username=用户名
    jdbc.password=密码
    

    4.2 配置 MyBatis 层:

    1. 创建实体类
    • pojo 目录下创建数据库对应的实体类;
    1. 编写 dao 层
    • 目录结构:

    • 创建 Dao 层的 Mapper 接口:如:BookMapper

    public interface BookMapper {
        // 操作数据库方法
        // 如:查询全部Book,返回list集合
        List<Books> queryAllBook();
    }    
    
    • 创建接口对应的 Mapper.xml 文件:如 BookMapper.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <!--对应接口类:每一个mapper对应一个接口文件-->
    <mapper namespace="com.study.dao.BookMapper">
        <!--对应接口的具体sql-->
        <!--如:查询全部Book-->   
        <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
            select *
            from `books`;
        </select>
    </mapper>
    
    1. 编写 service 层
    • 目录结构:

    • 创建 Service 层的接口:如 BookService

    public interface BookService {
        // 业务方法    
        // 如:查询全部Book,返回list集合
        List<Books> queryAllBook();
    }        
    
    • 创建 Service 层的实现类:如 BookServiceImpl
    public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
        // service层调用dao层:组合dao
        private BookMapper bookMapper;
    
        // 设置set接口,方便Spring管理
        public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
            this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
        }
        
        @Override
        public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
            // 调用dao层的方法
            return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
        }
        // ....其它业务实现方法
    }
    
    1. 配置核心配置文件:mybatis-config.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <!--1. 标准日志(可更换其它日志)-->
        <settings>
            <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
        </settings>
        <!--2. 设置别名:扫描包的方式-->
        <typeAliases>
            <!--实体类的包名称-->
            <package name="com.study.pojo"/>
        </typeAliases>
        <!--3. 注册 Mapper.xml-->
        <mappers>
            <!--1. 接口类方式(对应dao层的接口类)-->
            <mapper class="com.study.dao.BookMapper"/>
            <!--2. 资源文件方式-->
            <!--<mapper resource="com/study/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>-->
            <!--3. 扫描包方式-->
            <!--<package name="com.study.dao"/>-->
        </mappers>
    </configuration>
    

    4.3 配置 Spring 层:

    • Spring 就是一个容器,整合 dao 层和 service 层;
    1. Spring 整合 MyBatis 层
    • 数据源为 c3p0,可更换为其它数据源;
    • 配置 Mybatis 的配置文件:spring-dao.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <!--配置整合mybatis-->
        <!--1. 关联数据库文件:通过spring读取-->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
    
        <!--2. 数据库连接池
            dbcp:半自动化操作,不能自动连接
            c3p0:自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件,并且设置到对象里面)
            druid、hikari
        -->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <!-- 配置c3p0连接池属性 -->
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    
            <!--c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
            <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
            <!--关闭连接后不自动commit -->
            <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
            <!--获取连接超时时间 -->
            <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
            <!--当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
            <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--3. 配置SqlSessionFactory对象-->
        <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            <!--数据源-->
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            <!--绑定Mybatis配置文件(spring整合Mybatis) 注意 value后面加classpath:-->
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--4. 配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中(不需要创建dao接口的实现类)-->
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            <!--注入sqlSessionFactory-->
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
            <!--要扫描Dao接口包-->
            <property name="basePackage" value="com.study.dao"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
    1. Spring 整合 service 层
    • 配置 service 层的配置文件:spring-service.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <!--1. 扫描service下的包-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.study.service"/>
    
        <!--2. 将所有的service业务类,注入到spring:通过配置或注解实现-->
        <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.study.service.BookServiceImpl">
            <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--3. 配置声明式事务 JDBC 事务-->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <!--注入数据库连接池-->
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
    
        <!--4. AOP 配置事务切入,需导入AOP织入包及导入头文件(可不配置)-->
        <!--结合AOP实现事务的织入-->
        <!--配置事务通知-->
        <!--    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">-->
        <!--        &lt;!&ndash;给哪些方法配置事务&ndash;&gt;-->
        <!--        &lt;!&ndash;配置事务的传播特性,propagation:传播&ndash;&gt;-->
        <!--        <tx:attributes>-->
        <!--            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
        <!--        </tx:attributes>-->
        <!--    </tx:advice>-->
        <!--配置事务切入-->
        <!--    <aop:config>-->
        <!--        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.study.dao.*.*(..))"/>-->
        <!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>-->
        <!--    </aop:config>-->
    </beans>
    

    4.4 配置 SpringMVC 层

    • 模块添加 web 框架支持:

    • 配置 web.xml

      • 注意:加载的是 spring 总的配置文件 applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
             http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
        <!--1. DispatcherServlet-->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <!--注意:这里加载的是总的配置文件,总配置文件中,通过import引入其它配置文件-->
                <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!--启动级别-1-->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截,不包含.jsp -->
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
        <!--2. 乱码过滤-->
        <filter>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <!--注意:使用/* 不能用/-->
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
        <!--3. 设置Session过期时间-->
        <session-config>
            <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
        </session-config>
    </web-app>
    
    • 配置 SpringMVC 的配置文件:如 springmvc-servlet.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <!--配置SpringMVC-->
        <!-- 1. 开启SpringMVC注解驱动,注意导入mvc的头文件-->
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
        <!--2. 静态资源过滤-->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
        <!--3. 扫描包:Controller-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.study.controller"/>
        <!--4. 视图解析器-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <!--前缀-->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <!--后缀-->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
    • 创建对应的 jsp 目录:

    • 整合 Spring 总配置文件:applicationContext.xml

      • web.xml 中需要加载这个总配置文件;
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        <!--dao层-->
        <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
        <!--service层-->
        <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
        <!--controller层-->
        <import resource="springmvc-servlet.xml"/>
    </beans>
    

    五、Controller 和视图层编写

    5.1 Controller

    • 创建 Controller 类:如 BookController

    • 示意图:

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/book")
    public class BookController {
        // controller调service层
        // 注解方式实现自动装配Bean
        @Autowired
        @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
        private BookService bookService;
    
        // 示例方法
        @RequestMapping("/allBook")
        public String list(Model model) {
            List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
            model.addAttribute("list", list);
            return "allBook";
            // 重定向
            // return "redirect:/book/allBook";
        }
        // ...其它方法
    }
    

    5.2 视图页面

    • 在 jsp 目录下,创建对应的视图页面:allBook.jsp
    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>书籍展示</title>
        <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
        <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-12 column">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <h1>
                        <small>书籍列表 - 显示所有书籍</small>
                    </h1>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-4 column">
                <a class="btn btn-primary"
                   href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
                <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">显示全部书籍</a>
            </div>
            <%--添加书籍查询功能--%>
            <div class="col-md-8 column">
                <form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/queryBook" method="post"
                      style="float: right">
                    <%--前端返回错误信息--%>
                    <span style="color:red;font-weight: bold">
                        ${error}
                    </span>
                    <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control" placeholder="输入查询书名" required>
                    <input type="submit" value="查询" class="btn btn-primary">
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-12 column">
                <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                    <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>书籍编号</th>
                        <th>书籍名字</th>
                        <th>书籍数量</th>
                        <th>书籍详情</th>
                        <th>操作</th>
                    </tr>
                    </thead>
                    <tbody>
                    <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                        <tr>
                            <td>${book.bookID}</td>
                            <td>${book.bookName}</td>
                            <td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
                            <td>${book.detail}</td>
                            <td>
                                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.bookID}">更改</a>
                                |
                                    <%--RestFul风格--%>
                                <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/delBook/${book.bookID}">删除</a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </c:forEach>
                    </tbody>
                </table>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    5.3 运行测试

    • 测试数据数据库:
    CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
    USE `ssmbuild`;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
    CREATE TABLE `books` (
        `bookID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
        `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
        `bookCounts` INT NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
        `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
        KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
    ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
    
    INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
    (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
    (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
    (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
    
    • 配置 Tomcat;

    • 注意:需要添加 lib 依赖,否则报错:

    • 运行测试:

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