朗阁海外考试研究中心
唐娜星
在很多考生的心中，雅思阅读和写作是两门完全不同性质的考试，因为前者是对于1000字左右的文章的分析和理解，大面积文字的输入使它重点考察的是领悟能力，而后者是对于图表（书信）及议论文话题的自我表述，以运用和表达能力为考察重点。然而朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师认为，阅读和写作作为书面考试，在语言，词汇，思路上对考生的要求都是一致的。因此，如果要写出一篇比较好的作文，平时好好研究一下阅读文章是非常有必要的。本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师将给大家来呈现一下阅读文章中所折射出的雅思写作信息。
众所周知，雅思写作分为小作文和大作文2部分。说到A类小作文，很多烤鸭都知道它包含数据类和非数据类2大类型的图表。特别惊喜的是，这2种图表在阅读文章中都有很好的体现，并给我们写作文有了一些实质性的启发及帮助。
（一）TASK 1
A:数据性图表
（1）百分比的直接描述---摘自于C4 T1Reading Passage 1
1.The commonest
response were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), South
Africa (30%), Brazil (25%).---括号带入百分比，比较直观及简单
2.The dominant
idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that the rainforests provide animals
with habitats.---百分比作为插入语部分放在句中，体现语法的高级性
3.About 18% of
the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.---百分比放句首
4.Only a few of
the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global
warming.---6%与a few of的归类表述
5.Two fifths of
the students provide the information that the rainforest provide oxygen.---分数与百分比之间的同义转换
（2）数据间的对比与比较---摘自于C4 T2Reading Passage 2---Alternative medicine in Australia
1.12% suffer
from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from
emotional problems.---定语从句比较数据
2.Those
suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and
candida sufferers represent an equal percentage.---用equal来体现相等数据的表述
3.Headache
sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of the
patients respectively.---用respectively来引出2个接近数据
实战演练：
Thebar chart compares the changes in the places where people used to surf on theinternet in the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 in the UK.
参考写法：
（1）百分比的直接描述
a.括号带入百分比---In1998, library was the place where fewest people used to surf the Internet (13%)
b.百分比作为插入语放句中---Library,attracting only 13% of people, was the least favorable place to surf theInternet.
c.百分比放句首---Nearly13% of people chose to surf the Internet in the library.
（2）百分比之间的对比
In 2000, about 48% of people surfed the internet at home,
which was 10% more than those at work.---定语从句比较数据
In 2000, those surfing the internet in college and in the
library represented 20% and 18%, respectively.---用respectively来引出2个接近数据
（3）趋势的写法---摘自于C4 T4
Reading Passage 3---The problem of scarce resources
Thus in OECD countries as awhole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, andit has been predicted that（将来时的表述）theproportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase.
实战演练：
Thechart below shows the percentage of the whole world population in fourcountries from 1950-2002, with projections to 2050.
参考写法：In India, the percentage of population increased from 15%in1950 to 18% in 2002, and it has been predicted that the proportion willcontinue to rise to 23% in 2050.
B:非数据类图表
在阅读文章中，地图题的相关语言表述基本不常见，但是流程图的相关语言特色还是有一定反馈的。
摘自于Bakelite-the birth of modern plastics
这篇阅读的第5段就是一个很典型的流程图的写法，可以从里面学到相关词汇及句型。例如：
1.The originalpatentoutlined a three-stage process, in which… were initiallycombined---可以用于开头段的书写
2.…wasallowed to cooluntil it hardened, and thenbroken upandground intopowder（冷却，打碎及碾压的表达）
3.Other
substances were then introduced: including…（加入新事物的表达）
4.In the laststage, the heated bake litewas poured intoa hollow mold of therequired
shapeandsubjected to extreme heatand pressure.（倒进去，模具塑形及加热的表达）
实战演练：
玻璃瓶回收
参考写法：
开头：The glass bottle recycling outlines a three-step process,in which bottles used by customers are initially gathered.
塑形过程：Then, the liquid, with additional one, is poured into theglass mold of the required shape to produce new bottles.
（二）TASK 2
雅思大作文，比起小作文来讲，更难以得到高分。不光其对于词汇和句式有着更高的要求，更是由于它文体的特殊性，需要考生提出自己的看法。考虑到大部分考生还是处在学习阶段，人生历练比较少，观点的产出既要切题又要质量高是很困难的一件事。鉴于此，笔者在这里给大家简要的分析一下雅思阅读与写作之间的那些千丝万缕的关系。
学过雅思写作的同学都知道，雅思大作文基本都是从几大常考话题中抽取的，比如常考的有教育类，科技类，环境类及社会类等。笔者将列举几篇典型的阅读文章告诉你它背后隐藏的写作的故事。
（1）阅读文章：Lostfor words
匹配的相关写作题目：
Some people think governments should spend money on
measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others
think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.（语言类）
分析：语言类作文一直是考生比较头疼的，主要是由于对于这方面素材积累得比较少，无话可说。因此，要想写好这一篇作文，背景知识的了解以及知道如何保护语言还是很重要的，然而在lost for words这篇阅读中就能找到相关信息。
Background:
Navajois considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. Street signs,supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Notsurprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain ina hundred years’ time.
（此段可以用于写作开头段的背景导入或正文段的论证，用Navajo作为例子，是较好的举例论证手法。当然考生在备考期间可以查询和Navajo类似的濒危语言，学习本段的论证手法。）
Reasons for languages dying out:
1.The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by theelderly.
2.The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization.
（语言濒危的原因，可以作为切入点去想相关措施）
Ways to protect:
1.Class for children have showed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest inthe language.
2. “Apprentice”programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages.
3. Themere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages todevelop systems of writing where none existed before.
（此3点可作为正文Body 1段的参考观点，比较新颖，值得大家借鉴，如果能体现在作文中，必能吸引考官的眼球）
（2）阅读文章：How much higher? How much faster?
匹配的相关写作题目：
It is generally believed that some people are born with
certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However,
it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports
person or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（剑7 Test1）
分析：此篇写作题目从属于教育类范畴，考察的是天生与后天之间的关系，写作难点就是对于例子的把握。
Background:
Atthe 1908 Olympic, John Hayes of the US team ran a marathon in a time of2:55:18. In 1999, Marocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42,almost thirty percent faster.
（开头可以使用类似对比的方式来讨论先天与后天哪个improve the performance）
Gene
(born with certain talents):
Overthe past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changedappreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics,--andgreater rewards to tempt athletes--it is more likely that individualspossessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can beidentified earlier.
（Body 1的参考论证来体现出基因对于运动员的好处）
阅读中的同义替换：Genetically talented individuals/running on their
genetics
Training(be taught to become a good sports person or musician):
Focusedtraining will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. If we appliedthe Russian training models to some of the outstanding runners we have in thiscountry, they would be breaking records left and right.
（Body 2的参考论证来体现出运动的重要性，典型的举例论证。考生可能对于Russian training model的方式不太熟悉，可以查询相关材料，把握其主旨）
（3）阅读文章：greyingpopulation stays in the pink
匹配的相关写作题目：
In some countries, the proportion of the elderly people
is increasing steadily. Why? Is it a positive or negative development?
Background:
Theresults of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that thediseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and whenthey do strike, it is much later in life.
（用报告的调查结果引出老年人目前的状况，可用于开头段）
Contributingfactors:
1.Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.
2.Improvements in childhood nutrition gave today’s elderly people a better startin life than their predecessors.
3.Educated people seek more medical attention.
4.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.
（文章给出了4个老年人长寿的原因，可用于回答写作的第一个问号，而其中第二和第三两个观点比较新颖，考生一般都想不到，平时可以做积累）
（4）阅读文章：the impact of wilderness tourism
匹配的相关写作题目：
These days, some developing countries are expanding theirtourism industries. What are the reasons of this phenomenon? Is this a positiveor negative development?
Positive:
1. Tourismhas been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.
2. Tourismis also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland andAlaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia.
（文章提及外币交换以及促进经济发展是旅游带来的好处，并且每句话后面都有典型的地点作为例证，显得非常有说服力）
Negative:
1. Insome hill regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and achange in the local diet, because there is insufficient labor to maintainterraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops.
2. Thephysical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with thegrowth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focus on erosion along majortrails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on watersupplies.
（文章提及农业产量下降，饮食结构改变以及游客的破坏是开发旅游的隐藏问题。基本上考生对于第二句话会产生一定的共识，但是通过第一句话相信可以给大家一些比较有创意的观点，博取考官的眼球）
Solutions:
1. Communitiesin fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures inthe regions.
总结：通过上文对于阅读文章中的数据及语言的分析，相信各位烤鸭能从中学到一些小作文的专业表达，对于小作文的写法有较好的了解。同时就大作文而言，所选的4篇阅读文章与写作题目的相关性应该能够让烤鸭们明白精读不仅对于提高阅读本身有帮助，同样对于写作的提升也是有很多好处的。但是由于篇幅有限，不能每篇文章都一一进行分析，因此朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师在此建议考生们如果有时间及精力的话，不妨好好研究一下阅读文章，也许你的写作能力也会在不知不觉中得到提升。
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