打包jar一共有两种方式
第一种:
1.1 创建Artifacts
快捷键(Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S)打开项目的Project Structure。在Artifacts创建
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接着,指定main class,如下:
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最后,得到创建得到的artifacts
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注:这里可以通过“+”或者“-”选择那些需要打入artifacts的第三方jar文件,也可以将maven中的包都导入进来;
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1.2 打包Artifacts
在菜单栏目选Build,最后一栏Build Artifacts
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最后,在出现的窗口创建
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得到打包结果:
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去执行
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一般会执行成功如果执行出错查看是什么错误排查即可;
2. maven打包方式(单模块)
maven打包的步骤:
- 先mvn clean,再 package即可
- 如需把项目编译成jar包,打进maven仓库里面,可以运行install命令
[图片上传中...(image-784a61-1649340624814-14)]
2.1 maven-jar-plugins 无依赖第三方jar的打包
maven 默认打包插件,用来创建 project jar
pom.xml配置如下:
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2.1 maven-jar-plugins 无依赖第三方jar的打包
maven 默认打包插件,用来创建 project jar
pom.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>erlangshen</artifactId>
<groupId>erlangshendata</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>mok</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>18</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>18</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--①无依赖其他任何jar打包-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.conf</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--scala编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>scala-compile-first</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>add-source</goal>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--java编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
<!-- 这里输入man主程序的报名 -->
<mainClass>com.MokRun</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
运行:在target中找到打包出来的xxx.jar包,运行java -jar xxx.jar即可,但是如果程序有依赖其他包,比如程序依赖jdbc去查询db,这时候再执行就会出现找不到jdbc依赖,因为我们并没有将依赖包打进去。
2.2 maven-assembly-plugins 解决依赖第三方jar包,并可执行jar的打包
支持定制化打包方式,更多是对项目目录的重新组装。以下方式用的比较少,因为我们依赖的jar,也会打进到我们最终生成的jar中,会导致一个jar文件过大,而且如果要给第三方使用,最好给一个纯净的。
pom.xml配置如下:
<!--②解决依赖第三方,可执行jar的打包,全量打包-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.conf</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--scala编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>scala-compile-first</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>add-source</goal>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--java编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.swordfall.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>assembly</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2.3 maven-assembly-plugins zip打包
支持定制化打包方式,更多是对项目目录的重新组装。在2.2基础上,我们还可以利用assembly,将我们依赖的jar归类,打包成一个zip。发布项目的时候,将zip包copy到服务器上,直接unzip xxx.zip,里面包含要运行的jar以及依赖的lib,还有配置的config文件,还可以包括执行脚本,可以直接启动服务。
<!-- ③maven-assembly-plugin -->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<!-- 排除外置的配置文件(运行时注释上,使IDE能读到配置文件;打包时放开注释让配置文件外置,方便修改)可以不配置,maven-jar-plugin下面已配置 -->
<!--<excludes>
<exclude>config.properties</exclude>
</excludes>-->
</resource>
<!-- 配置文件外置的资源(存放到conf目录,也是classpath路径,下面会配置)-->
<!--<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>config.properties</include>
</includes>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/conf</targetPath>
</resource>-->
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--scala编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>scala-compile-first</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>add-source</goal>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--java编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--
③打成一个zip包,发布项目的时候,将zip包copy到服务器上,直接unzip xxx.zip,里面包含要运行到的jar以及依赖的lib,还有配置的config文件,即可直接启动服务
-->
<!--The configuration of maven-jar-plugin-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<!--The configuration of the plugin-->
<configuration>
<!-- 不打包资源文件(配置文件和依赖包分开) -->
<excludes>
<exclude>*.properties</exclude>
<exclude>*.xml</exclude>
<exclude>*.txt</exclude>
</excludes>
<!--Configuration of the archiver-->
<archive>
<!--生成的jar中,不要包含pom.xml和pom.properties这两个文件-->
<addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>
<!--Manifest specific configuration-->
<manifest>
<!--是否把第三方jar放到manifest的classpath中-->
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<!--生成的manifest中classpath的前缀,因为要把第三方jar放到lib目录下,所以classpath的前缀是lib/-->
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
<!--应用的main class-->
<mainClass>com.swordfall.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass>
</manifest>
<!-- 给清单文件添加键值对,增加classpath路径,这里将conf目录也设置为classpath路径 -->
<manifestEntries>
<Class-Path>conf/</Class-Path>
</manifestEntries>
</archive>
<!--过滤掉不希望包含在jar中的文件-->
<!-- <excludes>
<exclude>${project.basedir}/xml/*</exclude>
</excludes>-->
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!--The configuration of maven-assembly-plugin-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<!--The configuration of the plugin-->
<configuration>
<!--Specifies the configuration file of the assembly plugin-->
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
maven-assembly-plugin还需要配置一个assembly.xml文件,用于过滤不必要的第三方jar包文件,或者确定自己编译的项目文件路径、项目的启动脚本文件目录,打包的类型格式zip或者tar.gz等。
assembly.xml文件内容为:
<assembly>
<id>bin</id>
<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
<!-- 最终打包成一个用于发布的zip文件 -->
<formats>
<format>zip</format>
</formats>
<!-- Adds dependencies to zip package under lib directory -->
<dependencySets>
<dependencySet>
<!-- 不使用项目的artifact,第三方jar不要解压,打包进zip文件的lib目录 -->
<useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact>
<outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
<unpack>false</unpack>
</dependencySet>
</dependencySets>
<fileSets>
<!-- 把项目相关的说明文件,打包进zip文件的根目录 -->
<!--<fileSet>
<directory>${project.basedir}</directory>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>-->
<!-- 把项目的配置文件,打包进zip文件的config目录 -->
<!--<fileSet>-->
<!--<directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>-->
<!--<outputDirectory>/conf</outputDirectory>-->
<!--<includes>-->
<!--<include>*.xml</include>-->
<!--<include>*.properties</include>-->
<!--</includes>-->
<!--</fileSet>-->
<!-- 把项目自己编译出来的jar文件,打包进zip文件的根目录 -->
<fileSet>
<directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
<outputDirectory></outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>*.jar</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<!-- 把项目的脚本文件目录(src/main/scripts)中的启动脚本,打包进zip文件的根目录 -->
<fileSet>
<directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/scripts</directory>
<outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>startup.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</assembly>
打包结果为:
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2.4 maven-shade-plugin 打包
用来打可执行包,包含依赖,以及对依赖进行取舍过滤。使用这种方式打出来的是揉合在一起,成为一个jar文件。这种打包方式的优点是可以利用transformer把第三方jar相同的配置文件组合成一个文件,如reference.conf文件等等。
pom.xml配置如下:
<!--④ maven-shade-plugin-->
<build>
<!--资源文件路径配置-->
<resources>
<resource>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.conf</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--scala编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>scala-compile-first</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>add-source</goal>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!--java编译打包插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- ④ maven-shade-plugin -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<!--资源转换 在打包时,存在将多个构件中的class文件或资源文件聚合的需求。shade插件提供了丰富的Transformer工具类。这里介绍一些常用的Transformer-->
<transformers>
<!--ManifestResourceTransformer可以轻松实现往MANIFEST文件中写入Main-Class,这是可执行包的必要条件-->
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>com.hongshan.bdp.restserver.base.WebServer</mainClass>
</transformer>
<!--AppendingTransformer用来处理多个jar包中存在重名的配置文件的合并,尤其是spring-->
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>reference.conf</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>version.conf</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>akka-http-version.conf</resource>
</transformer>
<!--ServicesResourceTransformer JDK的服务发现机制是基于META-INF/services/目录的,如果同一接口存在多个实现需要合并 ,则可以使用此Transformer-->
<!--<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>-->
</transformers>
<shadedArtifactAttached>true</shadedArtifactAttached>
<shadedClassifierName>jar-with-dependencies</shadedClassifierName>
<!--过滤不需要的jar包-->
<artifactSet>
<excludes>
<exclude>io.spray:spray-json_2.11:jar:</exclude>
<exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:</exclude>
<exclude>org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:</exclude>
<exclude>log4j:log4j:jar:</exclude>
<exclude>commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:</exclude>
<exclude>commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:</exclude>
</excludes>
</artifactSet>
<!--配置<minimizeJar>将项目中没有使用的依赖自动移除,使项目最小化-->
<minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
打包结果:
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2.5 其他插件
2.5.1 maven-surefire-plugin
该插件主要用于项目maven编译打包时,跳过单元测试,pom.xml配置为:
<project>
[...]
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.2</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
[...]
</project>
文献:
IntelliJ IDEA自身以及maven项目打包方式(单模块) - 牧梦者 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
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