.gitignore 使用 globbing patterns 来查找过滤文件名的，参照下面的例子构造自己的。
| Pattern | Example matches | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
**/logs |
logs/debug.loglogs/monday/foo.barbuild/logs/debug.log
|
You can prepend a pattern with a double asterisk to match directories anywhere in the repository. |
**/logs/debug.log |
logs/debug.logbuild/logs/debug.logbut not logs/build/debug.log
|
You can also use a double asterisk to match files based on their name and the name of their parent directory. |
*.log |
debug.logfoo.log.loglogs/debug.log
|
An asterisk is a wildcard that matches zero or more characters. |
*.log!important.log
|
debug.logtrace.logbut not important.loglogs/important.log
|
Prepending an exclamation mark to a pattern negates it. If a file matches a pattern, but also matches a negating pattern defined later in the file, it will not be ignored. |
*.log!important/*.logtrace.*
|
debug.logimportant/trace.logbut not important/debug.log
|
Patterns defined after a negating pattern will re-ignore any previously negated files. |
/debug.log |
debug.logbut not logs/debug.log
|
Prepending a slash matches files only in the repository root. |
debug.log |
debug.loglogs/debug.log
|
By default, patterns match files in any directory |
debug?.log |
debug0.logdebugg.logbut not debug10.log
|
A question mark matches exactly one character. |
debug[0-9].log |
debug0.logdebug1.logbut not debug10.log
|
Square brackets can also be used to match a single character from a specified range. |
debug[01].log |
debug0.logdebug1.log*but not * debug2.logdebug01.log
|
Square brackets match a single character form the specified set. |
debug[!01].log |
debug2.logbut not debug0.logdebug1.logdebug01.log
|
An exclamation mark can be used to match any character except one from the specified set. |
debug[a-z].log |
debuga.logdebugb.logbut not debug1.log
|
Ranges can be numeric or alphabetic. |
logs |
logslogs/debug.loglogs/latest/foo.barbuild/logsbuild/logs/debug.log
|
If you don't append a slash, the pattern will match both files and the contents of directories with that name. In the example matches on the left, both directories and files named logs are ignored. |
logs/ |
logs/debug.loglogs/latest/foo.barbuild/logs/foo.barbuild/logs/latest/debug.log
|
Appending a slash indicates the pattern is a directory. The entire contents of any directory in the repository matching that name – including all of its files and subdirectories – will be ignored |
logs/!logs/important.log
|
logs/debug.loglogs/important.log
|
Wait a minute! Shouldn't logs/important.logbe negated in the example on the left Nope! Due to a performance-related quirk in Git, you can not negate a file that is ignored due to a pattern matching a directory |
logs/**/debug.log |
logs/debug.loglogs/monday/debug.loglogs/monday/pm/debug.log
|
A double asterisk matches zero or more directories. |
logs/*day/debug.log |
logs/monday/debug.loglogs/tuesday/debug.logbut not logs/latest/debug.log
|
Wildcards can be used in directory names as well. |
logs/debug.log |
logs/debug.logbut not debug.logbuild/logs/debug.log
|
Patterns specifying a file in a particular directory are relative to the repository root. (You can prepend a slash if you like, but it doesn't do anything special.) |
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