一、从面试题开始
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二、微服务概述
2.1 简介
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all in one ——>one in one
模块独立(拆分),进程独立(独立),降低耦合(解耦)
服务之间通过restful接口调用,通过注册中心管理链接
2.2 微服务与微服务架构
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微服务是模块,微服务架构是一种架构模式,多个微服务组成微服务架构。
2.3 微服务优缺点
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2.4 spring cloud概述
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2.5 spring cloud 与 dubbo
- 社区
spring cloud的社区活跃度优于dubbo -
技术
dubbo-RPC
springcloud-RESTful
总结:商用软件稳定性大于一切。
三、微服务项目构建
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四、Eureka
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由server(eureka)与client(module)组成
- 服务注册中心,保存各个服务的节点信息;
- 维持心跳,超时(默认90秒)断开连接;
- 微服务故障,采取保护机制。
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4.1 建立模块
4.11 server
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访问配置ip:port可以查看注册的微服务
4.12 服务提供者
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4.13 服务消费者
依赖和启动类与生产者相同
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4.2 搭建集群
1.新建三个eureka模块7001,7002,7003
2.三个模块之间相互关联
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7002关联7001和7003
7003关联7001和7002
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4.3 eureka 与 zookeeper
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商用软件稳定性大于一切,因此可用性更重要。
五、Ribbon
5.1 原理
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5.2 编写
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消费者消费的地址由指定变为服务集群,由客户端的ribbon来选择,做负载均衡。
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5.3 实现
负载均衡三大算法:轮询,随机,权重
六、feign
6.1 原理
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6.2 实现
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七、Hystrix
7.1 熔断原理
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7.2 熔断编码
hystrix针对一个服务消费端模块
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7.3 降级原理
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同一时间某一服务端访问非常多,hystrix会暂时熔断访问较少的服务,以保证主服务正常运行。
7.4 降级实现
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服务降级即使服务已关闭依然可以运作。
7.5 熔断与降级的区别
熔断发生在服务端,某个服务出现异常,发生熔断。
降级发生在客户端,主动关闭某个服务,客户端接收到已经准备好的缺省值。
7.6 服务监控
监控
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被监控
被监控服务添加依赖和servlet bean
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八、Zuul
8.1 原理
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功能包括:路由,代理,过滤
8.2 实现
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可以通过 zuul服务的ip:port+指定服务端名+路径 来访问
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添加服务端名称映射,屏蔽掉的原服务端路径,公共路径
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zuul服务的ip:port+map映射名+公共路径+路径 进行访问
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九、config
9.1 原理
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9.2 实现-服务端
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使用https
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云端配置文件
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方式一:config服务端ip:port/配置文件-配置模块.yml
方式二:config服务端ip:port/配置文件/配置模块/分支
获取配置文件内容
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通过config 可以连接git 获取云端配置
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9.3 实现-客户端
客户端配置文件上传到云端
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