4 Docker镜像相关命令

1 镜像列表

# 没有镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE


REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
TAG：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小

2 Docker仓库

地址:
    https://hub.docker.com

Docker仓库

3 下载镜像(以MySQL为例)

3.1 在仓库中搜索mysql

搜索mysql 搜索结果 版本列表

3.2 下载mysql

# docker搜索
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
INDEX       NAME                                        DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   8999      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   3176      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   669                  [OK]

NAME: 镜像仓库源的名称
DESCRIPTION: 镜像的描述
OFFICIAL: 是否 docker 官方发布
STARS: 类似 Github 里面的 star,示点赞、喜欢的意思。
AUTOMATED: 自动构建


# 5.7 为搜索结果中的版本号
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7

3.3 将仓库改为国内仓库

# 将docker仓库地址改为国内地址
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/default/docker
DOCKER_OPTS="国内仓库地址"

# 重启Docker
[root@localhost ~]# service docker restart

# 查看Docker相关进程,可查看是否修改成功
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep docker

4 删除镜像

# 通过 软件名+版本号删除 删除镜像(还可以通过IMAGE ID删除)
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi mysql:5.7

# 删除所有镜像(谨慎使用)
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -q)

# 删除所有tomcat镜像(谨慎使用)
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -q tomcat)

# 镜像被删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

REPOSITORY : 镜像所属仓库名
TAG : 镜像标签
IMAGE ID : 镜像唯一ID
CREATED : 镜像建立时间
SIZE : 镜像大小

# 查看所有镜像,<none>表示中间层镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
compose_docker-compose-test   latest              95e24ac2edb8        4 days ago          521MB
compose_docker-demo           latest              95e24ac2edb8        4 days ago          521MB
<none>                        <none>              caaf805ab027        4 days ago          521MB
<none>                        <none>              5c40b64f84b7        4 days ago          521MB
<none>                        <none>              ebb04705313b        4 days ago          505MB
docker-boot-2                 latest              74332039ad49        4 days ago          521MB
docker-boot                   latest              74332039ad49        4 days ago          521MB
<none>                        <none>              cddb3c20c4c3        4 days ago          521MB
<none>                        <none>              15cc5f40453a        4 days ago          505MB

# 只查看镜像id
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
95e24ac2edb8
95e24ac2edb8
74332039ad49
74332039ad49
83df82df73f0
ed94f55483b8
9b188f5fb1e6
db39680b63ac
f7bb5701a33c
f8146facf376
5e35e350aded

5 导出镜像

[root@localhost gp6]# docker save mysql:5.7 > /opt/gp6/mysql5.7.tar.gz

6 导入镜像

[root@localhost load]# docker load < /opt/gp6/mysql5.7.tar.gz

7 构建镜像

docker build,使用Dockerfile从零开始来创建一个新的镜像;Dockerfile包含一组如何构建Docker的指令

[root@localhost gp6]# vi Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER Fisher "GP6"
RUN     /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
RUN     useradd runoob
RUN     /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
RUN     /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE  22
EXPOSE  80
CMD     /usr/sbin/sshd -D

# -t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名   . ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录,可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径
[root@localhost gp6]# docker build -t gp6-centos-7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   2.56kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos:7
 ---> 5e35e350aded
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER Fisher "GP6"
 ---> Running in 72a0622fde2a
Removing intermediate container 72a0622fde2a
 ---> 2d13c6775df5
Step 3/9 : RUN     /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
 ---> Running in da96e9e731f4
Removing intermediate container da96e9e731f4
 ---> 7ca59d0adb2a
Step 4/9 : RUN     useradd runoob
 ---> Running in 85be57a59ef0
Removing intermediate container 85be57a59ef0
 ---> b5c42fe47a4e
Step 5/9 : RUN     /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
 ---> Running in b6a5ab1f3068
Removing intermediate container b6a5ab1f3068
 ---> 59b0355e4528
Step 6/9 : RUN     /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
 ---> Running in 542853faeeb3
Removing intermediate container 542853faeeb3
 ---> e6528c937787
Step 7/9 : EXPOSE  22
 ---> Running in 39d193cd6d07
Removing intermediate container 39d193cd6d07
 ---> 4234e2ac5c22
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE  80
 ---> Running in f3ae3d6077bf
Removing intermediate container f3ae3d6077bf
 ---> 0e1312e1a156
Step 9/9 : CMD     /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ---> Running in dec9f31ba757
Removing intermediate container dec9f31ba757
 ---> 54b38235f70d
Successfully built 54b38235f70d
Successfully tagged gp6-centos-7:latest

8 设置镜像标签

# docker tag 镜像ID(54b38235f70d) 新的标签名(gp6-centos-7-tag)。
[root@localhost gp6]# docker tag 54b38235f70d gp6-centos-7-tag

# ID为54b38235f70d的镜像多一个标签
[root@localhost gp6]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
gp6-centos-7-tag    latest              54b38235f70d        3 minutes ago       203MB
gp6-centos-7        latest              54b38235f70d        3 minutes ago       203MB
jdk1.8              latest              83df82df73f0        20 hours ago        393MB
gp6-nginx-image     latest              7b228a928b93        21 hours ago        126MB
tomcat              8-jdk8-openjdk      ed94f55483b8        3 days ago          507MB
redis               latest              9b188f5fb1e6        5 days ago          98.2MB
nginx               latest              f7bb5701a33c        10 days ago         126MB
centos              7                   5e35e350aded        8 weeks ago         203MB

9 查看端口绑定情况

[root@localhost gp6]# docker run -di --name gp6-mysql-5.7 -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
[root@localhost gp6]# docker port gp6-mysql-5.7 3306
0.0.0.0:3306