selinum

转自

滑块：https://blog.csdn.net/stahuri/article/details/79400958

自动：https://www.cnblogs.com/LiNingKing/p/9378191.html
suoyou: https://www.cnblogs.com/z-x-y/category/1282473.html
一. selinum优势

页面级测试，模拟用户真实操作

强大library，支持页面元素各类操作

多浏览器支持(chrome,firefox,ie)

多语言支持(python,java,C#,php,ruby)

二. 需要安装软件

firefox firebug seleniumIDE

chrome chromedirver

ie iedriverserver

python2.7 selenium lib

三. Selenium IDE

对于初学者，可以先使用selenium IDE录制case，然后自动生成用例脚本

特点：工作为firefox插件，支持case录制、回放及代码导出

四. selenium入门

1.三种常用浏览器的启动方式

from selenium import webdriver

driver=webdriver.Chrome()

driver=webdirver.Firefox()

driver=webdriver.Ie()

2.关闭操作

driver.close()

关闭当前窗口

driver.quit()

关闭浏览器

3.selenium常用api

driver.current_url

driver.title

driver.page_source 源码

driver.name

driver.current_window_handle 当前窗口的句柄

4.跳转操作

driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

driver.forward()

driver.back()

driver.refresh()

直到页面加载完全继续执行后面的程序，不等待ajax操作

配合time.sleep()方法使用

示例一：

#打开3个窗口，通过switch_to_window切换关闭窗口
from selenium import webdriver
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
print driver.window_handles
driver.switch_to_window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.close()

实例二：

#打开百度首页，输入搜索内容并进行光标移动后回车
from selenium import webdriver
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
element=driver.find_element_by_id(‘kw‘)
element.clear()
element.send_keys(‘抗战胜利70周年‘.decode(‘gbk‘))
element.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN) #光标向下
element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #回车

5.常用元素操作

element.get_attribute(‘class‘)

element.is_displayed()

element.is_enabled()

是否可点击可输入等

element.is_selected()

element.location

坐标

element.parent

上一级

element.size

长宽

element.tag_name

返回标签名

element.text

返回文本

6.页面交互select操作

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

select=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(‘name‘))

select.select_by_index(index)

select.select_by_visible_text("text")

select.select_by_value(value)

select.deselect_all()

select.options

select.all_selected_options

示例三：

技术分享

如上代码处理下拉框元素

方法一：

<pre class="brush:python;toolbar:false" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 5px; max-width: 680px !important; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from selenium import webdriver
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(‘http://localhost/test.html‘)
element=driver.find_element_by_id(‘lang‘)
options=element.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘option‘)
for i in options:
print i.get_attribute(‘value‘)
for i in options:
print i.get_attribute(‘text‘)</pre>

方法二：

<pre class="brush:python;toolbar:false" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 5px; max-width: 680px !important; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: 1px dotted rgb(170, 170, 170); white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
Select(driver.find_element_by_id(‘lang‘)).select_by_visible_text(‘简体‘.decode(‘gbk‘))</pre>

7.页面交互keys操作

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

ALT

ARROW_DOWN /LEFT/RIGHT/UP

BACKSPACE

CONTROL

ENTER

ESCAPE

F1 /2/3/4/5...

SHIFT

APACE

TAB

8.页面交互wait操作--implicit wait

driver.implicitly_wait(10)

进行find操作时，等待固定秒数，成功退出计时

9.页面交互wait操作--explicit wait

按照一定条件执行wait操作

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

element=WebDriverWait(driver,1).until(expected_conditions.presence_of_elemrnt_located(By.ID,"idx"))

条件列表如下：

title_is

title_contains

presence_of_element_located

visibility_of_element_located

visibility_of

presence_of_all_elements_located

text_to_be_present_in_element

text_to_be_present_in_element_value

frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it

invisibility_of_element_located

element_to_be_clickable

staleness_of

element_to_be_selected

element_located_to_be_selected

element_selection_state_to_be

element_located_selection_state_to_be

alert_is_present

10.cookie操作

driver.get_cookies()

cookie={‘name‘:‘zz‘,‘value‘:18}

driver.add_cookie(cookie)

driver.get_cookie(‘zz‘)

driver.delete_cookie(‘zz‘)

11.js操作

js=‘alert("hello")‘

driver.execute_script(js)

js=‘console.log("hello")‘

driver.excute_script(js)

五. selenium元素定位方法

1.定位单元素

find_element_by_id

find_element_by_name

find_element_by_xpath

find_element_by_link_text

find_element_by_partial_link_text

find_element_by_tag_name

find_element_by_class_name

find_element_by_css_selecror

2.定位多元素

find_elements_by_name

find_elements_by_xpath

find_elements_by_link_text

find_elements_by_partial_link_text

find_elements_by_tag_name

find_elements_by_class_name

find_elements_by_css_selecror

3.通用方法

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver.find_element(By.XPATH,‘//button[text()="some text"]‘)

driver.find_elements(By.XPATH,‘//button‘)

原文地址：http://zhzhgo.blog.51cto.com/10497096/1691454