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lombok 简化 Java 代码

lombok 简化 Java 代码

作者: tojian | 来源:发表于2018-11-04 10:50 被阅读8次

    lombok 简化 Java 代码

    1.介绍

    Lombok 是一种 Java 实用工具,可用来帮助开发人员消除 Java 的冗长,尤其是对于简单的 Java 对象(POJO)。它通过注解实现这一目的。Lombok官网:https://projectlombok.org

    2.idea使用

    1.引入依赖

    在项目中添加Lombok依赖jar,在pom文件中添加如下部分。(不清楚版本可以在Maven仓库中搜索)

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.18</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    

    2.idea插件

    lombok.jpg lombok1.jpg

    3.注解的说明

    @NonNull

    or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the NullPointerException.
    该注解使用在属性上,该注解用于属的非空检查,当放在setter方法的字段上,将生成一个空检查,如果为空,则抛出NullPointerException。
    该注解会默认是生成一个无参构造。

    
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        @NonNull
        @Setter
        @Getter
        private String username;
    
        private boolean flag;
    }
    
    

    如果测试的时候username为空的情况下结果如下:

    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException: username
        at com.taojian.tblog.lombok.User.setUsername(User.java:28)
        at com.taojian.tblog.lombok.Test.main(Test.java:15)
    
    

    @Cleanup

    Automatic resource management: Call your close() methods safely with no hassle.
    该注解使用在属性前,该注解是用来保证分配的资源被释放。在本地变量上使用该注解,任何后续代码都将封装在try/finally中,确保当前作用于中的资源被释放。默认@Cleanup清理的方法为close,可以使用value指定不同的方法名称

    import java.io.*;
    
    public class CleanupExample {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
        try {
          OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
          try {
            byte[] b = new byte[10000];
            while (true) {
              int r = in.read(b);
              if (r == -1) break;
              out.write(b, 0, r);
            }
          } finally {
            if (out != null) {
              out.close();
            }
          }
        } finally {
          if (in != null) {
            in.close();
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

    使用后:

    import lombok.Cleanup;
    import java.io.*;
    
    public class CleanupExample {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
        @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
        byte[] b = new byte[10000];
        while (true) {
          int r = in.read(b);
          if (r == -1) break;
          out.write(b, 0, r);
        }
      }
    }
    

    @Getter/@Setter

    Never write public int getFoo() {return foo;} again.
    @Getter 就相对于是属性的get()方法,@Setter就相当于属性的set()方法。

    The generated getter/setter method will be public unless you explicitly specify an AccessLevel, as shown in the example below. Legal access levels are PUBLIC, PROTECTED, PACKAGE, and PRIVATE.
    这句话的意思就是可以指定设置的getter,setter的方法的权限, @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) 这个就表示是一个protected属性。

     @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String name;
     
       /**
       * Changes the name of this person.
       *
       * @param name The new value.
       */
      protected void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
      }
      
    

    使用前:

    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
        
        public Integer getUid() {
            return uid;
        }
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setUid(Integer uid) {
            this.uid = uid;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }
    

    使用后:

    
    @Getter
    @Setter
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    }
    
    

    @ToString

    No need to start a debugger to see your fields: Just let lombok generate a toString for you!

    1、如果需要可以通过注释参数includeFieldNames来控制输出中是否包含的属性名称。
    2、可以通过exclude参数中包含字段名称,可以从生成的方法中排除特定字段。
    3、可以通过callSuper参数控制父类的输出。

    @ToString(exclude="column")

    意义:排除column列所对应的元素,即在生成toString方法时不包含column参数;

    @ToString(exclude={"column1","column2"})

    意义:排除多个column列所对应的元素,其中间用英文状态下的逗号进行分割,即在生成toString方法时不包含多个column参数;

    @ToString(of="column")

    意义:只生成包含column列所对应的元素的参数的toString方法,即在生成toString方法时只包含column参数;;

    @ToString(of={"column1","column2"})

    意义:只生成包含多个column列所对应的元素的参数的toString方法,其中间用英文状态下的逗号进行分割,即在生成toString方法时只包含多个column参数;

    使用前:

    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString();
        }
    }
    
    

    使用后:

    @ToString
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    
    

    @EqualsAndHashCode

    Equality made easy: Generates hashCode and equals implementations from the fields of your object..
    可以使用@EqualsAndHashCodelombok生成equals(Object other)和hashCode()方法的实现来注释任何类定义
    作用于类,自动重写类的equals()、hashCode()方法。常用的参数有exclude(指定方法中不包含的属性)、callSuper(方法中是否包含父类ToString()方法返回的值)
    使用前:

    使用后:

    
     import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
    
    @EqualsAndHashCode
    public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
      private transient int transientVar = 10;
      private String name;
      private double score;
      @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
      private String[] tags;
      @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private int id;
      
      public String getName() {
        return this.name;
      }
      // 因为有继承的关系,所以要设置true,如果没有,只继承了Object类的时候,就会报错
      
      @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
      public static class Square extends Shape {
        private final int width, height;
        
        public Square(int width, int height) {
          this.width = width;
          this.height = height;
        }
      }
    }
    

    使用后:

    import java.util.Arrays;
    
    public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
      private transient int transientVar = 10;
      private String name;
      private double score;
      private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
      private String[] tags;
      private int id;
      
      public String getName() {
        return this.name;
      }
      
      @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o == this) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample)) return false;
        EqualsAndHashCodeExample other = (EqualsAndHashCodeExample) o;
        if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
        if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
        if (Double.compare(this.score, other.score) != 0) return false;
        if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.tags, other.tags)) return false;
        return true;
      }
      
      @Override public int hashCode() {
        final int PRIME = 59;
        int result = 1;
        final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.score);
        result = (result*PRIME) + (this.name == null ? 43 : this.name.hashCode());
        result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
        result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.tags);
        return result;
      }
      
      protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
        return other instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample;
      }
      
      public static class Square extends Shape {
        private final int width, height;
        
        public Square(int width, int height) {
          this.width = width;
          this.height = height;
        }
        
        @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
          if (o == this) return true;
          if (!(o instanceof Square)) return false;
          Square other = (Square) o;
          if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
          if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
          if (this.width != other.width) return false;
          if (this.height != other.height) return false;
          return true;
        }
        
        @Override public int hashCode() {
          final int PRIME = 59;
          int result = 1;
          result = (result*PRIME) + super.hashCode();
          result = (result*PRIME) + this.width;
          result = (result*PRIME) + this.height;
          return result;
        }
        
        protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
          return other instanceof Square;
        }
      }
    }
    

    @NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @AllArgsConstructor

    Constructors made to order: Generates constructors that take no arguments, one argument per final / non-nullfield, or one argument for every field.
    @NoArgsConstructor 相对于:

    public User(){}
    

    @RequiredArgsConstructor 该注解使用在类上,使用类中所有带有 @NonNull 注解的或者带有 final 修饰的成员变量生成对应的构造方法。

    @NoArgsConstructor 相对于:

      public User(Integer uid, String username, boolean flag) {
            this.uid = uid;
            this.username = username;
            this.flag = flag;
        }
    

    @Data

    All together now: A shortcut for @ToString, @EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter on all fields, and @Setter on all non-final fields, and @RequiredArgsConstructor!

    该注解使用在类上,该注解是最常用的注解,它结合了@ToString,@EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter和@Setter。本质上使用@Data注解,类默认@ToString和@EqualsAndHashCode以及每个字段都有@Setter和@getter。该注解也会生成一个公共构造函数,可以将任何@NonNull和final字段作为参数。

    虽然@Data注解非常有用,但是它没有与其他注解相同的控制粒度。@Data提供了一个可以生成静态工厂的单一参数,将staticConstructor参数设置为所需要的名称,Lombok自动生成的构造函数设置为私有,并提供公开的给定名称的静态工厂方法。

    /**
     * @description:
     * @author: taojian
     * @create: 2018-09-30 22:32
     * 实际上含有这些方法
     * getUid
     * getUsername
     * isFlag 这里是isFlag(),而不是getFlag()
     * setUid
     * setUsername
     * setFlag
     * equals
     * hashCode
     * canEqual
     * toString
     **/
    @Data
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private boolean flag;
    
    
    @Data
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private boolean flag;
    
    }
    
    
    

    @Value

    Immutable classes made very easy.
    这个注解用在 类 上,会生成含所有参数的构造方法,get 方法,此外还提供了equals、hashCode、toString 方法。 注意:没有setter 类似@Data

    /**
     * @description:
     * @author: taojian
     * @create: 2018-09-30 22:32
     * User
     * getUid
     * getUsername
     * isFlag
     * equals
     * hashCode
     * toString
     * serialVersionUID
     * uid
     * username
     * flag
     **/
    
    @Value
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private boolean flag;
    
    
    }
    

    @Builder

    ... and Bob's your uncle: No-hassle fancy-pants APIs for object creation!
    Project Lombok的@Builder 是一种在不编写样板代码的情况下使用Builder模式的有用机制。我们可以将此注释应用于 类 或方法。

    在类上使用@Builder

    
    /**
     * @description:
     * User
     * getUid
     * getUsername
     * isFlag
     * builder 这个方法是增加的方法
     **/
    
    @Getter
    @Builder
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private Integer uid;
    
        private String username;
    
        private boolean flag;
    
    
    }
    
    
    public class Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            User  user = User.builder().username("taojian").flag(true).uid(1).build();
            System.out.println(user.getUsername().equals("taojian")); // true
    
        }
    }
    
    

    2. 在方法上使用@Builder

    假设我们正在使用我们想要使用构建器构造的对象,但我们无法修改源或扩展类。

    首先,让我们使用Lombok的@Value注释创建一个快速示例:

    @Value
    final class ImmutableClient {
        private int id;
        private String name;
    }
    

    现在我们有一个带有两个不可变成员的最终 类,它们的getter和一个all-arguments构造函数。

    我们介绍了如何在Class上 使用@Builder,但我们也可以在方法上使用它。我们将使用此功能来解决无法修改或扩展ImmutableClient的问题。

    接下来,我们将使用创建ImmutableClients的方法创建一个新类:

    class ClientBuilder {
     
        @Builder(builderMethodName = "builder")
        public static ImmutableClient newClient(int id, String name) {
            return new ImmutableClient(id, name);
        }
    }
    

    这个注解创建了一个名为法生成器()是返回一个生成器来创建ImmutableClients。

    现在我们可以构建一个ImmutableClient:

    ImmutableClient testImmutableClient = ClientBuilder.builder()
      .name("foo")
      .id(1)
      .build();
    assertThat(testImmutableClient.getName())
      .isEqualTo("foo");
    assertThat(testImmutableClient.getId())
      .isEqualTo(1);
    

    @SneakyThrows

    To boldly throw checked exceptions where no one has thrown them before!
    该注解使用在方法上,这个注解用在 方法 上,可以将方法中的代码用 try-catch 语句包裹起来,捕获异常并在 catch 中用 Lombok.sneakyThrow(e) 把异常抛出,可以使用 @SneakyThrows(Exception.class) 的形式指定抛出哪种异常。该注解需要谨慎使用

    使用前:

    
     import lombok.Lombok;
    
    public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
      public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
        try {
          return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
          throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(e);
        }
      }
      
      public void run() {
        try {
          throw new Throwable();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(t);
        }
      }
    }
    

    使用后:

    
     import lombok.SneakyThrows;
    
    public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
      @SneakyThrows(UnsupportedEncodingException.class)
      public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
        return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
      }
      
      @SneakyThrows
      public void run() {
        throw new Throwable();
      }
    }
    

    @Synchronized

    synchronized done right: Don't expose your locks.
    该注解使用在类或者实例方法上,Synchronized在一个方法上,使用关键字可能会导致结果和想要的结果不同,因为多线程情况下会出现异常情况。Synchronized
    关键字将在this示例方法情况下锁定当前对象,或者class讲台方法的对象上多锁定。这可能会导致死锁现象。一般情况下建议锁定一个专门用于此目的的独立锁,而不是允许公共对象进行锁定。该注解也是为了达到该目的。

    使用前:

    
    public class SynchronizedExample {
      private static final Object $LOCK = new Object[0];
      private final Object $lock = new Object[0];
      private final Object readLock = new Object();
      
      public static void hello() {
        synchronized($LOCK) {
          System.out.println("world");
        }
      }
      
      public int answerToLife() {
        synchronized($lock) {
          return 42;
        }
      }
      
      public void foo() {
        synchronized(readLock) {
          System.out.println("bar");
        }
      }
    }
    
    

    使用后:

    mport lombok.Synchronized;
    
    public class SynchronizedExample {
      private final Object readLock = new Object();
      
      @Synchronized
      public static void hello() {
        System.out.println("world");
      }
      
      @Synchronized
      public int answerToLife() {
        return 42;
      }
      
      @Synchronized("readLock")
      public void foo() {
        System.out.println("bar");
      }
    }
    
    

    @Log @Slf4j

    Captain's Log, stardate 24435.7: "What was that line again?"
    日志类型
    experimental
    Head to the lab: The new stuff we're working on.

    @CommonsLog
    Creates private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogExample.class);
    @Flogger
    Creates private static final com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger log = com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
    @JBossLog
    Creates private static final org.jboss.logging.Logger log = org.jboss.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);
    @Log
    Creates private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
    @Log4j
    Creates private static final org.apache.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);
    @Log4j2
    Creates private static final org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogExample.class);
    @Slf4j
    Creates private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExample.class);
    @XSlf4j
    Creates private static final org.slf4j.ext.XLogger log = org.slf4j.ext.XLoggerFactory.getXLogger(LogExample.class);
    
    

    使用前:

    public class LogExample {
      private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
      
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.severe("Something's wrong here");
      }
    }
    
    public class LogExampleOther {
      private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExampleOther.class);
      
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.error("Something else is wrong here");
      }
    }
    
    public class LogExampleCategory {
      private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog("CounterLog");
    
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
      }
    }
    
    

    使用后:

    import lombok.extern.java.Log;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    
    @Log
    public class LogExample {
      
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.severe("Something's wrong here");
      }
    }
    
    @Slf4j
    public class LogExampleOther {
      
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.error("Something else is wrong here");
      }
    }
    
    @CommonsLog(topic="CounterLog")
    public class LogExampleCategory {
    
      public static void main(String... args) {
        log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
      }
    }
    
    

    参考文章链接:

    https://www.baeldung.com/lombok-builder

    https://blog.csdn.net/motui/article/details/79012846

    https://blog.csdn.net/motui/article/details/79012846

    https://projectlombok.org/

    https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000005133786


    欢迎大家关注我的公众号,会定期给大家更新一些新的文章,和一些新的看法。互相交流


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