mysql 服务端安装

一、安装概述

本文将继续配置我的虚拟机，安装mysql服务端，是为了安装hive工具做准备，让mysql作为hive的源数据库，当前mysql版本为社区版5.7.36。

二、安装步骤

1. 查看当前linux版本的位数，两种方法

• uname -a ，x86_64显示当前版本为64位

[root@hadoop01 ~]# uname -a 
Linux hadoop01 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

• getconf LONG_BIT，直接显示当前位数

[root@hadoop01 ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
64

2. mysql下载，两种方法

• 通过界面下载，官网下载地址。本地下载成功后，通过xsecure或xftp工具将其上传到虚拟机上。
  https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
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• 通过wget命令直接下载到虚拟机

[root@hadoop01 ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 解压压缩包到/usr/local目录

[root@hadoop01 ~]# tar -xzvf  mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

4. 修改mysql文件名称

[root@hadoop01 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@hadoop01 local]# mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

5. 创建mysql用户

[root@hadoop01 local]# adduser mysql

6. 修改用户权限

[root@hadoop01 local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

7. 创建data目录

[root@hadoop01 local]# cd mysql/
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# mkdir data

8. 安装依赖包

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# yum install libaio

9. mysql初始化

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

10. 修改配置文件

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
#取消密码验证
skip-grant-tables
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

11. 将mysql加入到服务中

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

12. 设置开机启动

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# chkconfig mysql on

13. 启动mysql服务

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# service mysql start

14. 加入环境变量

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_311
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

15. 使环境变量生效

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# source /etc/profile

16. 登录进入mysql，成功

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)

三、我遇到的问题

1. 启动mysql服务时报错

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# service mysql start
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/hadoop01.pid).

可能是/usr/local/mysql/data/数据目录mysql用户没有权限，解决方案：

• 授予权限

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /urs/local/mysql/

• 杀掉进程

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root     29746     1  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hadoop01.pid
mysql    29961 29746  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hadoop01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     30119 29492  0 11:16 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# kill -9 29746
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# kill -9 29961

• 重启服务，成功启动

[root@hadoop01 mysql]# service mysql start