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如何用python发送邮件？

最近在查看关于Python的一些书籍，看到了邮件发送相关的内容，特此整理一下。

运行环境

• windows10 64位系统
• python3.7版本
• Pycharm2020.1版本

准备工作

进入163邮箱，点击设置中的pop3/smtp/imap

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开启smtp服务，如果没有开启，点击开启，手机号验证后即可开启，开启后图如下：

Image Image Image

主要用到的就是smtp服务器：smtp.163.com

然后设置客户端授权密码：

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记住密码，如果不记得密码在这重新授权。手机号验证即可重新授权。这个密码一会写代码的时候要用

设置成功后，开始写代码

一、python对SMTP的支持

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）是简单传输协议，它是一组用于用于由源地址到目的地址的邮件传输规则。

1.python中对SMTP进行了简单的封装，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

python对SMTP的支持

①email模块：负责构建邮件

②smtplib模块：负责发送邮件

2、smtplib.SMTP()对象方法的使用说明

①connect(host,port)方法参数说明

host:指定连接的邮箱服务器

port:指定连接的服务器端口

②login(user,password)方法参数说明

user:登录邮箱用户名

password:登录邮箱密码

③sendmail(from-addr,to_addrs,msg...)方法参数说明

from_addr:邮件发送者地址

to_addrs:字符串列表，邮件发送地址

msg:发送消息

④quit()：结束当前会话

二、发送不同格式的邮件

1、纯文本格式的邮件

下面上代码

# @File    : simple1.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import smtplib

HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "Test email from Python"
TO = "test@qq.com"
FROM = "test@163.com"
text = "Python rules them all!"
BODY = "\r\n".join((
    "From: %s" % FROM,
    "To: %s" % TO,
    "Subject: %s" % SUBJECT,
    "",
    text
))


def main():
    server = smtplib.SMTP()
    server.connect(HOST, 25)
    server.login(FROM, "123456")
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.sendmail(FROM, [TO], BODY)
    server.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

注意： 发件人的密码是邮箱授权码，不是邮箱登录密码

我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图

Image

2、HTML格式的邮件

下面上代码

# @File    : simple2.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formatdate

HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "官网流量数据报表"
TO = "test@qq.com"
FROM = "test@163.com"

msg = MIMEText("""
    <table width="800" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
      <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#CECFAD" height="20" style="font-size:14px">*官网数据  <a href="monitor.domain.com">更多>></a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#EFEBDE" height="100" style="font-size:13px">
        1）日访问量:<font color=red>152433</font>  访问次数:23651 页面浏览量:45123 点击数:545122  数据流量:504Mb<br>
        2）状态码信息<br>
        &nbsp;&nbsp;500:105  404:3264  503:214<br>
        3）访客浏览器信息<br>
        &nbsp;&nbsp;IE:50%  firefox:10% chrome:30% other:10%<br>
        4）页面信息<br>
        &nbsp;&nbsp;/index.php 42153<br>
        &nbsp;&nbsp;/view.php 21451<br>
        &nbsp;&nbsp;/login.php 5112<br>
    </td>
      </tr>
    </table>""", "html", "utf-8")
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()


def main():
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(HOST, 25)
        server.login(FROM, "123456")
        server.sendmail(FROM, TO, msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print("邮件发送成功！")
    except Exception as e:
        print("失败：" + str(e))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图

Image

3、 发送图文格式的邮件：

下面上代码

# @File    : simple3.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.utils import formatdate

HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "业务性能数据报表"
TO = "test@qq.com"
FROM = "test@163.com"


def addimg(src, imgid):
    fp = open(src, 'rb')
    msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
    fp.close()
    msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', imgid)
    return msgImage


msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgtext = MIMEText("""
<table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
      <tr bgcolor="#CECFAD" height="20" style="font-size:14px">
        <td colspan=2>*官网性能数据  <a href="monitor.domain.com">更多>></a></td>
      </tr>
      <tr bgcolor="#EFEBDE" height="100" style="font-size:13px">
        <td>
         <img src="cid:io"></td><td>
         <img src="cid:key_hit"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr bgcolor="#EFEBDE" height="100" style="font-size:13px">
         <td>
         <img src="cid:men"></td><td>
         <img src="cid:swap"></td>
      </tr>
    </table>""", "html", "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)
msg.attach(addimg("img/bytes_io.png", "io"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/myisam_key_hit.png", "key_hit"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/os_mem.png", "men"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/os_swap.png", "swap"))

msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()


def main():
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(HOST, 25)
        server.login(FROM, "123456")
        server.sendmail(FROM, TO, msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print("邮件发送成功！")
    except Exception as e:
        print("失败：" + str(e))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图

Image

4、 发送不同格式的附件：

一般来说，不会用到MIMEBase，而是直接使用它的继承类。MIMEMultipart有attach方法，而MIMENonMultipart没有，只能被attach。
MIME有很多种类型，这个略麻烦，如果附件是图片格式，我要用MIMEImage，如果是音频，要用MIMEAudio，如果是word、excel，我都不知道该用哪种MIME类型了，得上google去查。
最懒的方法就是，不管什么类型的附件，都用MIMEApplication，MIMEApplication默认子类型是application/octet-stream。
application/octet-stream表明“这是个二进制的文件，希望你们那边知道怎么处理”，然后客户端，比如qq邮箱，收到这个声明后，会根据文件扩展名来猜测。

下面上代码

# @File    : simple4.py
# @Software: PyCharm

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.utils import formatdate
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication

HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "官网业务服务质量周报"
TO = "test@qq.com"
FROM = "test@163.com"


def addimg(src, imgid):
    fp = open(src, 'rb')
    msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
    fp.close()
    msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', imgid)
    return msgImage


msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgtext = MIMEText("<font color=red>官网业务周平均延时图表:<br><img src=\"cid:weekly\" border=\"1\"><br>详细内容见附件。</font>", "html",
                   "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)
msg.attach(addimg("img/weekly.png", "weekly"))

attach = MIMEApplication(open("doc/week_report.xlsx", "rb").read())
attach.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="week_report.xlsx")
msg.attach(attach)

msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()


def main():
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(HOST, 25)
        server.login(FROM, "123456")
        server.sendmail(FROM, [TO], msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print("邮件发送成功！")
    except Exception as e:
        print("失败：" + str(e))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图

Image

5、批量发送带附件邮件

下面上代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2020/5/22 15:01
# @Author  : 一叶知秋
# @File    : simple5.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
import os
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication


def add_attachment(email_attachment_address, msgRoot):
    # 添加附件
    for path in email_attachment_address:
        if path.endswith(('.jpg', '.png')):
            # jpg
            picture_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=picture_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)

        if path.endswith('.pdf'):
            # pdf
            pdf_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=pdf_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)

        if path.endswith(('.docx', '.pptx', '.xlsx')):
            # doc,xlsx,ppt
            office_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=office_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)

        if path.endswith('.txt'):
            # txt
            txt_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=txt_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)

        if path.endswith('.mp3'):
            # mp3
            mp3_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=mp3_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)

        if path.endswith(('.zip','.tar','.gz')):
            # tar zip tar.gz
            compress_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=compress_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)


def send_email(email_subject, email_content, email_attachment_address, email_receiver):
    sender = 'test@163.com'
    passwd = '123456'
    receivers = email_receiver  # 邮件接收人
    msgRoot = MIMEMultipart()
    msgRoot['Subject'] = email_subject
    msgRoot['From'] = sender
    if len(receivers) > 1:
        msgRoot['To'] = ';'.join(receivers)  # 群发邮件
    else:
        msgRoot['To'] = receivers[0]

    part = MIMEText(email_content)
    msgRoot.attach(part)

    # 添加附件
    add_attachment(email_attachment_address, msgRoot)
    server = None
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect('smtp.163.com')
        server.login(sender, passwd)
        server.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
        print('邮件发送成功')
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print('邮件发送失败')
    finally:
        server.quit()


def main():
    # 发送测试邮件
    email_subject = 'python 邮件测试'
    email_content = 'hello world'
    file_dir = r'C:\Users\liming\Desktop\file_dir'
    email_attachment_address = [os.path.join(file_dir, file) for file in os.listdir(file_dir)]
    email_receiver = ['test1@qq.com', 'test2@qq.com']
    send_email(email_subject, email_content, email_attachment_address, email_receiver)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图

Image

最后

项目地址：https://github.com/jumploop/pymail

希望对大家有帮助！随手点个赞！

参考链接，书籍

• https://www.cnblogs.com/insane-Mr-Li/p/9121619.html
• 《Python自动化运维：技术与最佳实践》