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使用爬虫抓取数据时，经常要用到多个ip代理，防止单个ip访问太过频繁被封禁。
ip代理可以从这个网站获取：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/。
因此写一个python程序来获取ip代理，保存到本地。
python版本：3.6.3
1 #grab ip proxies from xicidaili
2 import sys, time, re, requests
3 from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
4 from lxml import etree
5
6 IP_POOL = 'ip_pool.py'
7 URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' #IP代理 高匿
8 #URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/' #IP代理 http
9 RUN_TIME = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", time.localtime()) #执行时间
10
11 #用字典存放有效ip代理
12 alive_ip = {'http': [], 'https': []}
13 #多线程
14 pool = ThreadPool(20)
15
16 #返回html文本
17 def get_html(url):
18 headers = {
19 "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0",
20 "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
21 "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
22 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
23 "Referer": "https://www.xicidaili.com/",
24 "Connection": "keep-alive",
25 "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1"
26 }
27 r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
28 r.encoding = 'utf-8'
29 return r.text
30
31 #测试ip代理是否存活
32 def test_alive(proxy):
33 global alive_ip
34 proxies = {'http': proxy}
35 try:
36 r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=3)
37 if r.status_code == 200:
38 if proxy.startswith('https'):
39 alive_ip['https'].append(proxy)
40 else:
41 alive_ip['http'].append(proxy)
42 except:
43 print("%s无效!"%proxy)
44
45 #解析html文本，获取ip代理
46 def get_alive_ip_address():
47 iplist = []
48 html = get_html(URL)
49 selector = etree.HTML(html)
50 table = selector.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]')[0]
51 lines = table.xpath('./tr')[1:]
52 for line in lines:
53 speed, connect_time = line.xpath('.//div/@title')
54 data = line.xpath('./td')
55 ip = data[1].xpath('./text()')[0]
56 port = data[2].xpath('./text()')[0]
57 anonymous = data[4].xpath('./text()')[0]
58 ip_type = data[5].xpath('./text()')[0]
59 #过滤掉速度慢和非高匿的ip代理
60 if float(speed[:-1])>1 or float(connect_time[:-1])>1 or anonymous != '高匿':
61 continue
62 iplist.append(ip_type.lower() + '://' + ip + ':' + port)
63 pool.map(test_alive, iplist)
64
65 #把抓取到的有效ip代理写入到本地
66 def write_txt(output_file):
67 with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
68 f.write('#create time: %s\n\n' % RUN_TIME)
69 f.write('http_ip_pool = \\\n')
70 f.write(str(alive_ip['http']).replace(',', ',\n'))
71 f.write('\n\n')
72 with open(output_file, 'a') as f:
73 f.write('https_ip_pool = \\\n')
74 f.write(str(alive_ip['https']).replace(',', ',\n'))
75 print('write successful: %s' % output_file)
76
77 def main():
78 get_alive_ip_address()
79 write_txt(output_file)
80
81 if __name__ == '__main__':
82 try:
83 output_file = sys.argv[1] #第一个参数作为文件名
84 except:
85 output_file = IP_POOL
86 main()
运行程序：
root@c:test$ python get_ip_proxies.py
write successful: ip_pool.py
查看文件：
root@c:test$ vim ip_pool.py
1 #create time: 2019-03-14 19:53
2
3 http_ip_pool = \
4 ['http://183.148.152.1:9999',
5 'http://112.85.165.234:9999',
6 'http://112.87.69.162:9999',
7 'http://111.77.197.10:9999',
8 'http://113.64.94.80:8118',
9 'http://61.184.109.33:61320',
10 'http://125.126.204.82:9999',
11 'http://125.126.218.8:9999',
12 'http://36.26.224.56:9999',
13 'http://123.162.168.192:40274',
14 'http://116.209.54.125:9999',
15 'http://183.148.148.211:9999',
16 'http://111.177.161.111:9999',
17 'http://116.209.58.245:9999',
18 'http://183.148.143.38:9999',
19 'http://116.209.55.218:9999',
20 'http://114.239.250.15:9999',
21 'http://116.209.54.109:9999',
22 'http://125.123.143.98:9999',
23 'http://183.6.130.6:8118',
24 'http://183.148.143.166:9999',
25 'http://125.126.203.228:9999',
26 'http://111.79.198.74:9999',
27 'http://116.209.53.215:9999',
28 'http://112.87.69.124:9999',
29 'http://112.80.198.13:8123',
30 'http://182.88.160.16:8123',
31 'http://116.209.56.24:9999',
32 'http://112.85.131.25:9999',
33 'http://116.209.52.234:9999',
34 'http://175.165.128.223:1133',
35 'http://122.4.47.199:8010',
36 'http://112.85.170.204:9999',
37 'http://49.86.178.206:9999',
38 'http://125.126.215.187:9999']
39
40 https_ip_pool = \
41 ['https://183.148.156.98:9999',
42 'https://111.79.199.167:808',
43 'https://61.142.72.150:39894',
44 'https://119.254.94.71:42788',
45 'https://221.218.102.146:33323',
46 'https://122.193.246.29:9999',
47 'https://183.148.139.173:9999',
48 'https://60.184.194.157:3128',
49 'https://118.89.138.129:52699',
50 'https://112.87.71.67:9999',
51 'https://58.56.108.226:43296',
52 'https://182.207.232.135:50465',
53 'https://111.177.186.32:9999',
54 'https://58.210.133.98:32741',
55 'https://115.221.116.71:9999',
56 'https://183.148.140.191:9999',
57 'https://183.148.130.143:9999',
58 'https://116.209.54.84:9999',
59 'https://125.126.219.125:9999',
60 'https://112.85.167.158:9999',
61 'https://112.85.173.76:9999',
62 'https://60.173.244.133:41306',
63 'https://183.148.147.223:9999',
64 'https://116.209.53.68:9999',
65 'https://111.79.198.102:9999',
66 'https://123.188.5.11:1133',
67 'https://60.190.66.131:56882',
68 'https://112.85.168.140:9999',
69 'https://110.250.65.108:8118',
70 'https://221.208.39.160:8118',
71 'https://116.209.53.77:9999',
72 'https://116.209.58.29:9999',
73 'https://183.148.141.129:9999',
74 'https://124.89.33.59:53281',
75 'https://116.209.57.149:9999',
76 'https://58.62.238.150:32431',
77 'https://218.76.253.201:61408']
之后就可以直接使用了
from ip_pool import http_ip_pool, https_ip_pool
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