1.java的四种引用方式
强引用,软引用,弱引用,虚引用
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 强引用 对象类型 变量名(实例)= 对象的构造方法
// 强引用,不管怎样都不会回收对象,内存溢出
String str = new String("abc");
// 软引用 当内存实在不足的情况下,才会释放掉它的引用对象
SoftReference<String> softReference = new SoftReference<String>(str);
// 弱引用 只要系统产生GC,就会回收
WeakReference<String> weakReference = new WeakReference<String>(str);
str = null;
System.out.println("强引用" + str);
softReference.clear();
System.out.println("软引用" + softReference.get());
System.gc();
System.out.println("弱引用" + weakReference.get());
// 虚引用 用来判断对象是否已经被回收
// PhantomReference<String> phantomReference = new PhantomReference<>()
}
}
打印的结果有点问题,弱引用在GC回收之后应该也是null才对的
image.png
如果换一种写法
// String str = new String("abc");
String str = "abc";
只改变str的创建方法,这时候弱引用就会有值了,是"abc",因为GC只会回收堆内存中的对象,而直接 String str = "abc";这样写,abc是位于常量区的
2.LeakCanary检测内存泄漏
内存泄漏:对无用对象的引用一直未释放,就会造成内存泄漏。
造成内存泄漏的原因:
第一种情况:
1.内部类会隐式持有外部类,如果说内部类进行了耗时操作,还没有等操作结束,用户进行点击返回,弹出了当前的activity,那么内部类也不会释放这个activity,这样就会造成内存泄漏
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void click(View view) {
startTask();
}
private void startTask() {
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
myThread.start();
}
// 内部类隐式持有了外部类Activity的引用,所以内部类中的任务没有执行完,
//Activity的引用就不会被释放
public class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
Log.d(getClass().getSimpleName(), "run: " + i);
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
}
LeakCanary会给出对应的通知
image.png
解决方案:
1.将内部类转移出去,变成独立的类
2.将内部类变成静态内部类,这样也不会持有外部类的实例
static class MyThread extends Thread
3.内部类通过弱引用来使用外部类的非静态属性和方法
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private boolean isDestroy = false;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void click(View view) {
startTask();
}
private void startTask() {
MyThread myThread = new MyThread(MainActivity.this);
myThread.start();
}
//内部类隐式的持有了外部类Activity的引用,所有内部类中任务没执行完,Activity的引用就不会被释放
//内部类改成了静态的内部类之后,内部类将不会再隐式持有外部类的引用
public static class MyThread extends Thread{
//通过使用弱引用来拿到外部类Activity的非静态属性和方法
private WeakReference<MainActivity> mWeakReference = null;
MyThread(MainActivity activity){
mWeakReference = new WeakReference<MainActivity>(activity);
}
@Override
public void run() {
//写在run方法中的逻辑会在MyThread线程中后台执行
MainActivity mainActivity = mWeakReference.get();
//为了健壮性
if(mainActivity!=null){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(!mainActivity.isDestroy){
Log.d(getClass().getSimpleName(), "run: " + i);
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
isDestroy = true;
}
}
这样在退出当前的Activity之后,内部类就不会持有Activity的实例了,不会发生内存泄漏
所以造成内存泄漏的原因是两点同时发生
1.内部类隐式持有外部类
2.内部类做了耗时操作,且未完成的情况下外部类就销毁了
第二种情况
内部类handler出现内存泄漏
1.内部类持有了外部类实例
2.消息延迟发送的情况下才会产生内存泄漏
解决方案也和之前的类似
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int MESSAGE_SEND = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void click(View view) {
startSendMessage();
}
private void startSendMessage() {
MyHandler myHandler = new MyHandler(MainActivity.this);
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.what = MESSAGE_SEND;
message.obj = "这是一段来自三体的消息";
myHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message,20000);
// myHandler.sendMessage(message);
}
//创建一个内部类handler
//1 将内部类作为static的
//2 把Handler写成一个独立的java文件
private static class MyHandler extends Handler{
private WeakReference<MainActivity> mWeakReference = null;
MyHandler(MainActivity activity){
mWeakReference = new WeakReference<MainActivity>(activity);
}
//处理发送过来的消息的
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
MainActivity mainActivity = mWeakReference.get();
if(mainActivity==null){
return;
}
//接收
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_SEND:
String obj = (String) msg.obj;
Toast.makeText(mainActivity, obj, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
}
}
第三种情况
非静态内部类的静态实例
1.非静态内部类会隐式持有外部类的引用
2.静态的实例是属于类对象的,不会跟随实例对象的销毁而销毁
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//一个静态的实例 静态的实例不会跟着外部类的关闭而销毁
public static User user = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void click(View view) {
user = new User();
}
//一个简单的非静态内部类,隐式持有外部类的引用
private class User{
User(){
}
}
}
第四种情况
单例对象持有的对象被销毁了
public class ToastManager {
private ToastManager() {
}
private Context mContext = null;
private ToastManager(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
private static ToastManager mToastManager = null;
public static ToastManager getInstance(Context context) {
if (mToastManager == null) {
synchronized (ToastManager.class) {
if (mToastManager == null) {
mToastManager = new ToastManager(context);
}
}
}
return mToastManager;
}
public void showToast(String text) {
Toast.makeText(mContext,text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
void btnClick(View view){
ToastManager manager = ToastManager.getInstance(MainActivity.this);
manager.showToast("hello world");
}
}
这样在点击按钮的时候,MainActivity的对象就被单例持有了,当MainActivity销毁的时候,单例还会继续持有它,所以会造成内存泄漏。当然我们平时编码并不会这样写,我们会直接使用 ToastManager manager = ToastManager.getInstance(getApplicationContext());来代替,这样就没问题了。
image.png2.context上下文的作用域
当然在startService的时候尽量不要用Activity的context,有内存泄漏的风险
3.LeakCanary观察特定的对象。
之前的配置是创建MyApplication,复制官方的代码,这样只能检测Activity的内存泄漏
public class MyApplication extends Application {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//检测内存泄漏的LeakCanary的初始化
if (LeakCanary.isInAnalyzerProcess(this)) {
// This process is dedicated to LeakCanary for heap analysis.
// You should not init your app in this process.
return;
}
LeakCanary.install(this);
}
}
,如果要检测比如Fragment的内存泄漏,需要换一种写法,需要保存返回的mRefWatcher
public class MyApplication extends Application {
public static RefWatcher mRefWatcher;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//检测内存泄漏的LeakCanary的初始化
if (LeakCanary.isInAnalyzerProcess(this)) {
// This process is dedicated to LeakCanary for heap analysis.
// You should not init your app in this process.
return;
}
mRefWatcher = LeakCanary.install(this);
}
}
然后用mRefWatcher去检测每一个类的内存泄漏情况
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
FragmentActivity activity = getActivity();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Button button = new Button(container.getContext());
button.setText("我是Fragment的TextView");
button.setTextSize(50);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
myThread.start();
}
});
return button;
}
//演示内存泄漏,来一个内部类Thread
public class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
Log.d(getClass().getSimpleName(), "run: " + i);
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//Fragment已经被销毁,如果这个时候调用LeakCanary的观察对象的watch方法,如果他发现还有引用,认为是内存泄露
MyApplication.mRefWatcher.watch(MyFragment.this);
}
}
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
FragmentManager manager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = manager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fl,myFragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.it520.fragmentleak.MainActivity">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fl"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
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