一、发送普通邮件
固定格式:
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def send_msg(from_addr, password, to_addr):
from_addr = from_addr
password = password
to_addr = to_addr
smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"
# 格式化一个邮件地址
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
二、发送HTML邮件
如果我们要发送HTML邮件,而不是普通的纯文本文件怎么办?方法很简单,在构造MIMEText对象时,把HTML字符串传进去,再把第二个参数由plain变为html就可以了
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def send_msg(from_addr, password, to_addr):
from_addr = from_addr
password = password
to_addr = to_addr
smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"
# 格式化一个邮件地址
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
msg = MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
'<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>' +
'</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
三、发送附件邮件
如果Email中要加上附件怎么办?带附件的邮件可以看做包含若干部分的邮件:文本和各个附件本身,所以,可以构造一个MIMEMultipart对象代表邮件本身,然后往里面加上一个MIMEText作为邮件正文,再继续往里面加上表示附件的MIMEBase对象即可:
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart,MIMEBase
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def send_msg(from_addr, password, to_addr):
from_addr = from_addr
password = password
to_addr = to_addr
smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"
# 格式化一个邮件地址
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
# 邮件对象:
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('send with file...', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片:
with open('/Users/wangjifei/PycharmProjects/flask_demo/屏幕快照 2018-12-22 下午6.05.48.png', 'rb') as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase('image', 'png', filename='test.png')
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
msg.attach(mime)
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
四、发送图片
如果要把一个图片嵌入到邮件正文中怎么做?直接在HTML邮件中链接图片地址行不行?答案是,大部分邮件服务商都会自动屏蔽带有外链的图片,因为不知道这些链接是否指向恶意网站。
要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart,MIMEBase
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def send_msg(from_addr, password, to_addr):
from_addr = from_addr
password = password
to_addr = to_addr
smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"
# 格式化一个邮件地址
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
# 邮件对象:
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
'<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' +
'</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8'))
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片:
with open('/Users/wangjifei/PycharmProjects/flask_demo/屏幕快照 2018-12-22 下午6.05.48.png', 'rb') as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase('image', 'png', filename='test.png')
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
msg.attach(mime)
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
五、同时支持HTML和Plain格式
如果我们发送HTML邮件,收件人通过浏览器或者Outlook之类的软件是可以正常浏览邮件内容的,但是,如果收件人使用的设备太古老,查看不了HTML邮件怎么办?
办法是在发送HTML的同时再附加一个纯文本,如果收件人无法查看HTML格式的邮件,就可以自动降级查看纯文本邮件。
利用MIMEMultipart就可以组合一个HTML和Plain,要注意指定subtype是alternative:
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart,MIMEBase
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib
def send_msg(from_addr, password, to_addr):
from_addr = from_addr
password = password
to_addr = to_addr
smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"
# 格式化一个邮件地址
def _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))
# 邮件对象:
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('hello', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
msg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1></body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8'))
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
网友评论