本文是Spring源码分析中的一篇,来讲讲Spring框架中BeanFactory解析bean的过程,先来看一个在Spring中一个基本的bean定义与使用。(也可以来公号查看)
package bean;
public class TestBean {
private String beanName = "beanName";
public String getBeanName() {
return beanName;
}
public void setBeanName(String beanName) {
this.beanName = beanName;
}
}
Spring配置文件定义如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd">
<bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">
</beans>
下面使用XmlBeanFactory来获取该bean:
public class BeanTest {
private static final java.util.logging.Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BeanTest.class);
@Test
public void getBeanTest() {
BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));
TestBean bean = factory.getBean("testBean");
logger.info(bean.getBeanName);
}
}
这个单元测试运行结果就是输出beanName,上面就是Spring最基本的bean的获取操作,这里我用BeanFactory作为容器来获取bean的操作并不多见,在企业开发中一般是使用功能更完善的ApplicationContext,这里先不讨论这个,下面重点讲解使用BeanFactory获取bean的过程。
现在就来分析下上面的测试代码,看看Spring到底为我们做了什么工作,上面代码完成功能的流程不外乎如此:
- 读取Spring配置文件root.xml;
- 根据root.xml中的bean配置找到对应的类的配置,并实例化;
- 调用实例化后的对象输出结果。
先来看看XmlBeanFactory源码:
public class XmlBeanFactory extends DefaultListableBeanFactory {
private final XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this);
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
this(resource, null);
}
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
super(parentBeanFactory);
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}
}
从上面可以看出XmlBeanFactory继承了DefaultListableBeanFactory,DefaultListableBeanFactory是Spring注册加载bean的默认实现,它是整个bean加载的核心部分,XmlBeanFactory与它的不同点就是XmlBeanFactory使用了自定义的XML读取器XmlBeanDefinitionReader,实现了自己的BeanDefinitionReader读取。
XmlBeanFactory加载bean的关键就在于XmlBeanDefinitionReader,下面看看XmlBeanDefinitionReader的源码(只列出部分):
public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {
private Class<?> documentReaderClass = DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.class;
private ProblemReporter problemReporter = new FailFastProblemReporter();
private ReaderEventListener eventListener = new EmptyReaderEventListener();
private SourceExtractor sourceExtractor = new NullSourceExtractor();
private NamespaceHandlerResolver namespaceHandlerResolver;
private DocumentLoader documentLoader = new DefaultDocumentLoader();
private EntityResolver entityResolver;
private ErrorHandler errorHandler = new SimpleSaxErrorHandler(logger);
}
XmlBeanDefinitionReader继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader,下面是AbstractBeanDefinitionReader的源码(只列出部分):
public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinitionReader implements EnvironmentCapable, BeanDefinitionReader {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
private final BeanDefinitionRegistry registry;
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;
private Environment environment;
private BeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = new DefaultBeanNameGenerator();
}
XmlBeanDefinitionReader主要通过以下三步来加载Spring配置文件中的bean:
- 通过继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader中的方法,使用ResourLoader将资源文件(root.xml)路径转换为对应的Resource文件;
- 通过DocumentLoader对Resource文件进行转换,将Resource文件转换为Ducument文件;
- 通过DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader类对Document进行解析,最后再对解析后的Element进行解析。
了解以上基础后,接下来详细分析下一开始例子中的代码:
BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));
先看看下面XmlBeanFactory初始化的时序图来进一步了解这段代码的执行,
xmlBeanFactory创建序列图.png
在这里可以看出BeanTest测试类通过向ClassPathResource的构造方法传入spring的配置文件构造一个Resource资源文件的实例对象,再通过这个Resource资源文件来构造我们想要的XmlBeanFactory实例。在前面XmlBeanFactory源码中的构造方法可以看出,
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
this(resource, null);
}
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
super(parentBeanFactory);
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}
this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)就是资源加载真正的实现,时序图中XmlBeanDefinitionReader加载数据就是在这里完成的。
接下来跟进this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里面(只列关键部分):
public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {
@Override
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
}
}
在loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里对资源文件resource使用EncodedResource类进行编码处理后继续传入loadBeanDefinitions方法,继续跟进loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource))方法源码:
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
}
// 通过属性记录已加载的资源
Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
if (currentResources == null) {
currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
}
if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
}
try {
// 从resource中获取对应的InputStream,用于下面构造InputSource
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
// 调用doLoadBeanDefinitions方法
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
}
finally {
currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
}
}
}
继续跟进doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法,这是整个bean加载过程的核心方法,在这个方法执行bean的加载。
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
try {
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
/* 省略一堆catch */
}
跟进doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)源码:
protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
}
在doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)方法里就使用到了前面讲的documentLoader加载Document,这里DocumentLoader是个接口,真正调用的是其实现类DefaultDocumentLoader的loadDocument方法,跟进源码:
public class DefaultDocumentLoader implements DocumentLoader {
@Override
public Document loadDocument(InputSource inputSource, EntityResolver entityResolver,
ErrorHandler errorHandler, int validationMode, boolean namespaceAware) throws Exception {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = createDocumentBuilderFactory(validationMode, namespaceAware);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using JAXP provider [" + factory.getClass().getName() + "]");
}
DocumentBuilder builder = createDocumentBuilder(factory, entityResolver, errorHandler);
return builder.parse(inputSource);
}
}
从源码可以看出这里先创建DocumentBuilderFactory,再用它创建DocumentBuilder,进而解析inputSource来返回Document对象。得到Document对象后就可以准备注册我们的Bean信息了。
在上面的doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法中拿到Document对象后下面就是执行registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource)方法了,看源码:
public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
documentReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
// 还没注册bean前的BeanDefinition加载个数
int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
// 加载注册bean
documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
// 本次加载注册的BeanDefinition个数
return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}
这里的doc就是上面的loadDocument方法加载转换来的,从上面可以看出主要工作是交给BeanDefinitionDocumentReader的registerBeanDefinitions()方法实现的,这里BeanDefinitionDocumentReader是个接口,注册bean功能在默认实现类DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的该方法实现,跟进它的源码:
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
this.readerContext = readerContext;
logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
}
到这里通过doc.getDocumentElement()获得Element对象后,交给doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法后就是真正执行XML文档的解析了,跟进doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法源码:
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);
if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
return;
}
}
}
preProcessXml(root);
parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
postProcessXml(root);
this.delegate = parent;
}
到这里处理流程就很清晰了,先是对profile进行处理,之后就通过parseBeanDefinitions()方法进行文档的解析操作,跟进parseBeanDefinitions()方法源码:
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
// 下面对bean进行处理
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}
上面if-else语句块中的parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate)和delegate.parseCustomElement(ele)就是对Spring配置文件中的默认命名空间和自定义命名空间进行解析用的。在Spring的XML配置中,默认Bean声明就如前面定义的:
<bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">
自定义的Bean声明如:
<tx:annotation-driven />
XmlBeanFactory加载bean的整个过程基本就讲解到这里了。
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